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Pretérito vs. Imperfecto: Spanish Past Tenses Explained

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Pretérito

Uses

  • Interruptions
  • Isolated events
  • One-time actions
  • Main actions
  • Actions with a clear beginning/end
  • Specific completed actions

Signal Words

  • ayer
  • anteayer
  • anoche
  • una vez
  • un día
  • el lunes
  • el año pasado
  • a las 10:00

Example

  • Mi mamá entró en mi cuarto.
    • My mom entered my room.


Imperfecto

Uses

  • Descriptions
  • Ongoing actions
  • Habitual/repeated actions
  • Time
  • Age
  • Weather
  • Emotions
  • Mental processes
  • Background information

Signal Words

  • siempre
  • cada vez
  • cada verano
  • todos los viernes
  • todos los fines de semana
  • todas las Navidades

Example

  • Hablaba con mi amiga.
    • I was talking with my friend.


How to Think About It

Imperfect = Background

  • what was happening
  • descriptions
  • ongoing situations

Pretérito = Spotlight Action

  • what suddenly happened
  • completed event
  • interruption

Example

  • Era muy tarde cuando mi
... Continue reading "Pretérito vs. Imperfecto: Spanish Past Tenses Explained" »

Mastering English Appearance Vocabulary and Grammar

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Essential Vocabulary for Appearance and Film

  • Gorgeous (maravilloso)
  • Appearance (apariencia)
  • Unappealing (poco atractivo)
  • Figure (figura)
  • Flawless (perfecto)
  • Bald (calvo)
  • Bushy (espeso (pelo))
  • Lips (labios)
  • Eyebrows (cejas)
  • Wrinkles (arrugas)
  • Forehead (frente)
  • Lose Weight (perder peso)
  • Gain Weight (ganar peso)
  • Get away from (alejarse de)
  • Wonder (preguntarse)
  • Hire (contratar, alquilar)
  • Role (papel a jugar)
  • Waist (cintura)
  • Features (características)
  • Succeed (triunfar, tener éxito)
  • Appearances (apariencias, aspecto físico)
  • Difficult (difícil)
  • Interesting (interesante)
  • Healthy (saludable/sano)
  • Old (viejo)
  • Appealing (atractivo)
  • Useful (útil)
  • Popular (popular)
  • Cheap (barato)
  • Good (bueno)
  • Dangerous (peligroso)
  • Critic (crítico / crítica)
  • Genre (género)
  • Take Over (encargarse
... Continue reading "Mastering English Appearance Vocabulary and Grammar" »

Contabilidad Financiera: Preguntas Resueltas sobre Gastos, Activos y Pasivos

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Una empresa presenta unos gastos de alquiler de 60.000 € los cuales corresponden a 6 meses de alquiler del local que se pagarán el 1 de octubre de 2022. La empresa lo carga a arrendamientos y cánones. ¿Ajuste de fin de año?

b) 30.000 Gasto antiguo

A) Arrendamiento y canon 30.000

En el momento de obtención del préstamo a devolver en 20 años, mediante cuotas anuales, se incrementa:

c) El pasivo corriente, el pasivo no corriente y el activo.

La empresa A dispone de una letra de cambio de 10.000 €. La descuenta, gastos de 200 €. Afirma que:

c) Tras recibir el importe correspondiente, el nominal de la letra descontada.

¿Cuál es la repercusión contable de una reversión del deterioro de crédito con clientes?

b) Aumento de activo y patrimonio... Continue reading "Contabilidad Financiera: Preguntas Resueltas sobre Gastos, Activos y Pasivos" »

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Review

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Vocabulary

  • Accent - acento
  • Citizenship - nacionalidad
  • Demand - exigir, requerir
  • Law - ley
  • Citizens - ciudadano
  • Force - obligar
  • Government - gobierno
  • Proposal - propuesta
  • Prove - demostrar
  • Typical - típico
  • Trendy - de moda
  • Quiet - tranquilo
  • Noisy - ruidoso
  • Appearance - aspecto físico
  • Painful - doloroso
  • Hardship - problema
  • Aware - consciente
  • Light-skinned - piel clara
  • Tease - burlarse
  • Lucky break - suerte
  • Pretty curly - bonito rizado
  • Good looking - guapo

Text Analysis

Redefining British Culture

True or False:

  1. True (lines 1-2)
  2. False (lines 5-6)
  3. True (lines 8, 9, 10)
  4. False (lines 11)
  5. False (lines 14)

Inner Beauty: Can We Really See It?

  1. People sometimes judge others based on their physical appearance.
    1. b
    2. a
    1. She experienced being judged.
    2. Because of how she looked.
    3. He is able to see
... Continue reading "Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Review" »

Fundamentos de la Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura

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La Didáctica de la Lengua

La didáctica se ocupa de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objeto de la didáctica consiste no sólo en el conocimiento de la estructura y función de los procesos reales de enseñanza-aprendizaje, sino también en el estudio de estructuras y función de nuevas posibilidades docentes. Presenta dos caras: orientada hacia la explicación y comprensión de los fenómenos educativos, y orientada hacia la modificación e intervención en esos procesos.

Objeto de la Didáctica

El objetivo es una disciplina de intervención que no sólo ha de ampliar el saber de los alumnos, sino también modificar su comportamiento lingüístico. En este proceso se deben concebir los contenidos de la enseñanza de la lengua y la... Continue reading "Fundamentos de la Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura" »

Lengu te,a

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*UNIT.5: *Vocabulary: Paint (pintar), Draw (dibujar), Sketch (boceto), Sculpt (escultura), Sew (coser), Decorate (decorar), Create (crear), Recycle (reciclar), Display (exponer), Portrait (retrato), Exhibition (exhibición), Masterpiece (obra maestra), Wood (madera), Glass (cristal), Cloth (tela), Dress (vestido/vestirse), Write (escribir), Fortunately (afortunadamente), Possible (posible), Expensive (caro), Hear (oir), Start (empezar), Close (cerrar), Eat (comer), Travel (viajar), Incident (hecho), Discard (tirar la basura). *Words To Know.1: Obviously (obviamente), Wrapping (envoltorio), Host (ofrecer), Supposed (suponer (que)), Worth (merecer la pena), Spot (reconocer). *Words To Know.2: Waste (desperdiciar/residuo), Hubcap (tapacubos),... Continue reading "Lengu te,a" »

Master Entertainment English and Passive Voice

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Essential Entertainment and Show Business Vocabulary

Key Nouns and Concepts

  • Atmosphere: ambiente
  • Award: premio
  • Costume: vestuario
  • Flop: fracaso
  • Gossip column: columna de cotilleos
  • Interval: intervalo
  • Lighting: iluminación
  • Review: crítica
  • Role model: modelo a seguir
  • Trendsetter: iniciador de una moda
  • Venue: lugar

Action Verbs in Entertainment

  • Boo: abuchear
  • Cheer: aclamar
  • Clap: aplaudir
  • Encourage: animar
  • Launch: lanzar
  • Loathe: detestar
  • Rehearse: ensayar
  • Worship: adorar

Descriptive Adjectives

  • Controversial: contradictorio
  • Disgraceful: desagradable
  • Disturbing: inquietante
  • Gifted: dotado
  • Moving: conmovedor
  • Notorious: de mala fama
  • Outrageous: extravagante
  • Packed: lleno
  • Prestigious: prestigioso
  • Spoilt: consentido
  • Stunning: guapísimo
  • Wealthy: rico
  • Weird: raro

Common Expressions and

... Continue reading "Master Entertainment English and Passive Voice" »

Business English Essentials: Vocabulary, Idioms, and Negotiation Strategies

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Essential Business & Marketing Terms (English-Spanish)

  • Advertising Hype: despliegue publicitario
  • Awareness: conciencia
  • Challenger: competidor
  • Endorsement: persona conocida (que apoya un producto)
  • Launch: lanzamiento
  • Leader: líder
  • Placement: productos usados en películas (emplazamiento)
  • Raise: elevar
  • Range: gama
  • Reliable: de confianza
  • Segment: sector
  • Share: cuota de mercado
  • Stretching: extensión (de marca)
  • Timeless: atemporal
  • Upmarket: de lujo

Key Phrasal Verbs for Business Communication

  • Be taken aback: sorprenderse
  • Take off: crecer rápidamente
  • Take on: emplear, asumir
  • Take out: disponer, sacar
  • Take over: tomar el control

Powerful Business Idioms & Their Meanings

  • A level playing field: competencia leal
  • A major player: persona importante, actor principal
  • Ahead
... Continue reading "Business English Essentials: Vocabulary, Idioms, and Negotiation Strategies" »

Barcelona's Urban Dynamics: Language and Environmental Insights

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Environmental Vocabulary

Smoke
Humo
Landfill
Vertedero
Toxic Waste
Residuos Tóxicos
Litter
Basura
Oil Spill
Chapapote
Exhaust Fumes
Tubos de Escape
Land Pollution
Tierra Contaminada
Pollutants
Contaminantes
Rubbish
Basura
Chemicals
Productos Químicos
Ecological Disaster
Desastre Ecológico
Deforestation
Deforestación
Damage
Dañar
Care About
Preocuparse
Harm
Dañar / Perjudicar

English Future Tenses

Future Simple

Affirmative

Subject + will + base form of the verb

Negative

Subject + will not / won't + base form of the verb

Interrogative

Will + subject + base form of the verb?

Uses

  • To make predictions or announce future facts.
  • To talk about a scheduled event.
  • To express a sudden decision, something decided while speaking.

Be Going To

Affirmative

Subject + to be + going to + base form... Continue reading "Barcelona's Urban Dynamics: Language and Environmental Insights" »

English Grammar Essentials: Tenses, Modals, and Passive Voice

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Future Tenses in English Grammar

Understanding how to express future actions and predictions is crucial in English. Here's a breakdown of key future forms:

Future Continuous (Will be + -ing)

  • Usage: Actions in progress at a specific time, duration, or interval in the future.
  • Keywords: this time tomorrow, at 5 PM, for two hours, then.

Future Perfect (Will have + Past Participle)

  • Usage: Actions completed before a specific moment in the future.
  • Keywords: by this time, by then, by tomorrow, future adverb + perfect adverb.

Predictions and Certainty

Expressing predictions often involves specific verbs and adverbs:

  • Verbs: think, believe, suppose, hope, know.
  • Adverbs/Phrases: I'm sure, perhaps, probably, definitely.

Understanding English Modal Verbs

Modal verbs... Continue reading "English Grammar Essentials: Tenses, Modals, and Passive Voice" »