Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

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The Canterville Ghost

Classified in Language

Written at on English with a size of 8.11 KB.

Theme and atmosphere

The main idea is the story of a ghost living tormenting the inhabitants of an English manor. The ideas range from minor's own ghost story to life of every single inhabitant of the mansion.

The action takes place in an English manor in the late nineteenth century and has a fairly realistic setting even though the protagonist is the ghost.

The family's culture and environment move in a mysterious tone, so this is a fantastic novel of intrigue, with dramatic ideas.

Argument

The novel begins when Hiram B. Otis buys the property of Canterville Chase, at closing, its owner Lord Canterville warns that lives in the house ghost.

Months after the sale, move to spend the summer at their family property formed by Mr. Otis Otis (American

... Continue reading "The Canterville Ghost" »

Sustainable Urban Development: Green and Smart Cities

Classified in Geography

Written at on English with a size of 3.51 KB.

Sustainable Cities

Today, more than half of humanity lives in cities, and this figure is expected to rise to 6 billion by 2050. This requires a rethink of urban planning and management, as rapid urbanization puts unprecedented pressure on the environment and public health. Sustainable cities must be environmentally, economically, socially, and politically healthy, both for the current population and for future generations. These cities are based on four pillars of sustainability:

  • Environmental: concerns the ecological footprint, resource consumption, and pollution.
  • Economic: concerns job opportunities and attracting investment.
  • Social: focuses on quality of life, public health, and social integration.
  • Institutional: includes democratic participation
... Continue reading "Sustainable Urban Development: Green and Smart Cities" »

Active & Passive Transport in Plants: A Comprehensive Guide

Classified in Biology

Written at on English with a size of 2.5 KB.

Active Transport

Active transport moves substances across membranes from lower to higher concentration, against the concentration gradient. This process requires cellular energy (ATP) and a carrier protein.

The substance binds to the carrier protein's receptor site on one side of the membrane. ATP changes the protein's shape, releasing the substance on the other side. Active transport occurs only in living, respiring cells.

Factors influencing active transport:

  • ATP Production: Increased ATP production increases active transport rate.
  • Temperature and Oxygen: These affect respiration and ATP production, thus impacting transport rate.
  • Mitochondria: Cells with more mitochondria have higher transport rates due to increased ATP production.
  • Poisons: Respiratory
... Continue reading "Active & Passive Transport in Plants: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Major Ecosystems and Environmental Concepts

Classified in Geography

Written at on English with a size of 4.66 KB.

Grasslands

In general terms, a grassland ecosystem is characterized by huge open lands where the vegetation includes different types of grasses with very few trees. There are six main types: tropical grasslands, temperate grasslands, flooded grasslands, tundra grasslands, montane grasslands, and xeric grasslands. Tropical grasslands receive 50-130 cm of rainfall, while temperate grasslands receive 25-75 cm.

Key Characteristics of Grasslands

  • Limited annual rainfall
  • Dry climate
  • Lack of nutrients in the soil
  • Frequent droughts and uncertain precipitation
  • Frequent forest fires due to semi-arid climate and flash lightning
  • Poor vegetation dominated by grasses
  • Home to a variety of animal species

Deserts

Most hot deserts occur in high air pressure areas where... Continue reading "Major Ecosystems and Environmental Concepts" »

Financial Markets and Mutual Funds: Key Features

Classified in Economy

Written at on English with a size of 2.36 KB.

Functions of a Financial Market

  • Connecting Buyers and Sellers: Facilitates the meeting of buyers and sellers of financial assets without needing a physical location.
  • Issuance and Exchange of Assets: Supports the creation (primary markets) and subsequent trading (secondary markets) of financial assets.
  • Price Determination: Establishes the prices of financial assets through various pricing mechanisms, such as supply and demand or predetermined conditions.
  • Public Information: Disseminates information about asset prices, trading mechanisms, and pricing systems.
  • Providing Liquidity: Ensures that assets can be easily converted into cash without significant loss of value.
  • Reducing Transaction Costs: Lowers the costs related to finding counterparts and determining
... Continue reading "Financial Markets and Mutual Funds: Key Features" »

English Phonetics: A Comprehensive Guide to Vowels, Consonants, and Suprasegmentals

Classified in Physical Education

Written at on English with a size of 3.22 KB.

English Phonetics: A Comprehensive Guide

Vowels

Vowels are defined as speech sounds produced with a relatively open vocal tract, allowing air to flow freely through the mouth. They are characterized by 12 features:

  • Direction of the air
  • Height of the tongue: high, low, and mid vowels
  • Part of the tongue raised: front, central, or back
  • Position of the lips: rounded or spread
  • Length: short or long

Vowels can be classified as either monophthongs or diphthongs. Monophthongs are single vowel sounds, while diphthongs are combinations of two vowel sounds that glide together.

Consonants

Consonants are defined as speech sounds produced with a constriction or closure in the vocal tract, obstructing the flow of air. They are characterized by 24 features:

  • Vocal cords:
... Continue reading "English Phonetics: A Comprehensive Guide to Vowels, Consonants, and Suprasegmentals" »

Freedom, Responsibility, and Moral Norms: A Philosophical View

Classified in Philosophy and ethics

Written at on English with a size of 2.06 KB.

Freedom and Human Nature

Humans, though possessing instincts, are not determined by nature. Thanks to our rational capacity, we can choose among a number of possibilities. This capability is known as freedom.

However, certain factors in our behavior do not depend on us. No one chooses their birthplace, gender, or skin color. These are given to us and constitute what Ortega y Gasset called circumstances.

To be free means to be responsible for our actions and accept the consequences of our behavior. Responsibility involves attributing success to our work and accepting failures or errors. If we make a mistake, we must rectify it and accept the punishment.

Moral Norms

A norm is a pattern that governs our behavior, a rule about how we should act. For... Continue reading "Freedom, Responsibility, and Moral Norms: A Philosophical View" »

Sole Proprietorship: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Characteristics

Classified in Economy

Written at on English with a size of 2.55 KB.

Sole Proprietorship

A sole proprietorship is a business structure where an individual owns and operates the business. The owner contributes the capital, manages operations, and is solely responsible for the business's outcomes. They may work alone or employ others. This structure is the easiest to form and simplest to organize. The sole proprietor can borrow funds or utilize others' money for business purposes.

Advantages of Sole Proprietorship

Easy to Start

Forming a sole proprietorship is easier than partnerships or corporations. There are no legal formalities like agreements, memorandums of association, or articles of association.

Easy to Dissolve

Dissolving a sole proprietorship is simple, as the owner doesn't need permission from shareholders... Continue reading "Sole Proprietorship: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Characteristics" »

Earth Science Regents: 117 Key Concepts

Classified in Geology

Written at on English with a size of 4.48 KB.

117 Ways to Pass the Earth Science Regents

1. The same substance always has the same density.

2. As pressure increases, density increases.

3. As temperature increases, density decreases.

4. Water expands when it freezes.

5. Most changes are cyclic.

6. Water is most dense at 4oC, when it is a liquid.

7. The true shape of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, but from space it looks like a sphere.

44. As temperature increases, air pressure decreases.

45. As moisture increases, pressure decreases.

46. Air pressure decreases with altitude.

47. Highs are cool and dry; lows are warm and wet.

48. Wind is due to air pressure differences.

49. Wind blows from high to low pressure.

50. Wind is named from the direction that it is coming from.

51. The accepted value is the... Continue reading "Earth Science Regents: 117 Key Concepts" »

Infrared Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds: A Comprehensive Guide

Classified in Biology

Written at on English with a size of 4.79 KB.

Infrared Spectra of Alkanes

Alkanes, being saturated hydrocarbons, only contain Carbon-Carbon (C-C) and carbon-hydrogen single bonds. Their IR spectra are relatively simple due to the absence of strong functional groups.

C-H Stretching

The most prominent peaks in an alkane's IR spectrum are due to C-H stretching vibrations. These sharp, strong bands typically appear in the range of 2850-2960 cm-1. The exact wavenumber can vary slightly depending on the specific alkane and its branching.

Infrared Spectra of Alkenes

Alkenes contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), along with C-H bonds. The presence of the double bond introduces distinct features in their IR spectra compared to alkanes.

C=C Stretching

The stretching vibration of the C=C... Continue reading "Infrared Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds: A Comprehensive Guide" »