Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Chemistry

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Laws ponderal

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pure substance: is a phase of uniform composition and unchanging can not be decomposed into other substances of different classes by physical methods.

elements: they are pure substances that can not be decomposed into simpler ones through normal chemical processes.

compounds: they are pure substances made up of two or more elements, which can be decomposed by chemical methods on the elements of which are constituted. A compound always has the same elements and the same proportions regardless of the process followed.



Blended is an aggregation of different substances without causing any chemical reaction between them and therefore may be separated by physical methods.

ponderal laws: they refer to the quantity of matter of different substances... Continue reading "Laws ponderal" »

Advantages and disadvantages of electrometallurgy

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5. Describe what is electrodeposition, describe the different Experimental methods. Give examples. Advantages and disadvantages. It is the process of production a coating, usually Metallic, on a surface by the action of an electric current._Experimental Methods::-Electroplating: It is a plating process in which metal ions in a Solution are moved by an electric field to coat an electrode. Metallic cations From a solution are reduced on a conductive object (to form a thin layer).-Electrophoretic Deposition:Colloidal particles suspended in a liquid migrate under the Influence of an electric field (electrophoresis) and are deposited onto an Electrode._Advantages: uniform coating thicknen,easy control,high speed of Coating and high pucity._Disadvantages:

... Continue reading "Advantages and disadvantages of electrometallurgy" »

Chemical Nomenclature and Stoichiometry: An Overview

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Anhydrides:

Non metal + O2 = Systematic Nomenclature / IUPAC (Anhydride)

Acids / Oxoacids:

Acids + H2O = IUPAC (Acid)

Basic Oxoacids:

Metal + O2 = Stock Nomenclature (nº) / IUPAC (Oxide)

Hydroxides:

Basic Oxide + H2O = IUPAC (Hydroxide)

Salts:

Hydroxide + Acid (ic - ate / ous - ite) Fe(OH)2 + HClO = Fe(ClO)2 - Ferrous Hyperchlorite

  • Hypo - ous
  • - ous
  • - ic
  • Hyper - ic

Stoichiometry:

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mole:

Amount of Substance that Contains as Many Particles (g)

Molar Mass:

1 mol of --- / g of ----

I choose to live

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The environment plays an important role in our lives and people wouldn't be able to live without it. However, we are polluting it every day and it needs to stop. As individuals, we can do lots of things to solve this issue, and this essay will focus on two of them - recycling and the efficient use of energy.

According to recycling, it is the easiest way to see an immediate change and everybody can do it. First, recycling bins are a great method of dividing our waste into paper, plastic, glass, etc., and they can be easily found in every city. Another idea is to reuse the things we have at home and make them new. For example, turning …. 

When it comes to the use of energy, there are many things we can do, especially at home. When we talk about... Continue reading "I choose to live" »

What is the time of the pet

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H-hydrogen  2 BE-beryllium    3  B-boron     4 ca-carbon       5n-nytrogen

LI-lithium      MG-magnesium  Ai-aluminium si-silicon         p-phosphorus

na-sodium     CA-calcium        ga-gallium    ge-germanium as-arsenic

CS-cesium      bA-barium        in-indium      se-tin               sb-antimony

FR-francium   RA-radium        ti-thallium      pb-lead            bi-bismuth

6o-oxygen    7 f-fluorine     8 he-hellium        maass(m)   current intensity(iv)

s-sulfur         ci-chlorine        ne-neon          length(l)      surface area(s)

se-selenium  br-bromine      ar-argon         ... Continue reading "What is the time of the pet" »

Coh3 chemical name

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An ion is an atom which has more or less electrons than protons

All atoms want to have a full shell/empty outer shell
Noble gasses have already a full outer shell
All other elements will give or take electrons=chemical reaction

Covalent bonds are.Stronger than ionic
they make molecules and they are formed between non_metals
These bonds are between atoms fighting ever some electrons bonds where electrons are shared

Different forms of carbon: Carbon(black, it can burn)
Graphite(Grey, used as lubricant)
Diamond(Transparent, cutting hard material)

Differences between covalent and ionic compounds:
Ionic: Volatility: none
Solubility: most are very soluble
Electrical conductivity: only when dissolved in water
-liquid form

Covalent:Volatility:high
Solubility: some
... Continue reading "Coh3 chemical name" »

Coh3 chemical name

Classified in Chemistry

Written at on English with a size of 3.17 KB.

CHEMISTRY 

 Atom 
An atom is the smallest  stable unit of matter 

Element 
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom.
There are about 120 elements , so 120 different atoms exist.

In the periodic table the elements are organized in rows.
The vertical columns are called groups
The horizontal rows are called periods. 
Li, Na and k are in the same group 
N , O , F are in the same period. 
If the elements are in the same group they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.
This elements in their same groups can have similar chemical and physical  properties. 

Some groups have specific names :

Group 1 elements : are named ALKALI 
Group 2 elements : ALKALI EARTH METALS
Group 7 elements : HALOGEN 
Group 0 elements : NOBLE
... Continue reading "Coh3 chemical name" »

A laminar boundary layer is a layer

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Intermolecular forces:force of attraction between covalent molecules,much weaker than covalent bonds within the molecules.DIAMOND:form of pure carbon.Each acrbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell and it therefore formss four civalent bonds.In diamond,each carbon bonds strongly to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedal arrangement.Diamond has a a very high melting and boiling point.This is because of the very strong carbon-carbon covalent bonds,which extend throughout the whole crystal in three dimensions.A lot of energy has to be supplied to break these strong covalent bonds.All substances with giant covalent structures are solids with high melting and boling points because a lot of energy has to be supplied to break all the strong... Continue reading "A laminar boundary layer is a layer" »

Coh3 chemical name

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Ductility: Able to undergo change of form without breaking

·Malleability: capable of being shaped, as by Hammering or pressing:

·Density (give an Example): a measurement of how Tightly matter is crammed together. Example: Oil floats on vinegar because Its density is less.


  • Chemical properties of matter (give an Example): Are any of the properties Of matter that may only be observed and measured by performing a chemical change or chemical Reaction. Example: oxidation states

·What is a physical Change (give an example): A usually reversible change in the physical 

properties of a substance,as size or shape. Example: When melting an ice cube.

·Difference between Chemical properties and physical properties (give an example)

... Continue reading "Coh3 chemical name" »

Coh3 chemical name

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Written at on English with a size of 2.51 KB.

 a mixture is a physical combination of two or more subtances : heterogeneous  mixture we see the various  because  not combined  evenly and homogeneous mixture that  cannot see the subtans . .Magnetic separation is a physical method of separating mixtures, which uses the magnetic susceptibility of some of its components. To do this, he resorts to exposing the mixture to a magnet (or a sufficiently strong magnetic field) for a period of time. Decantation is a physical method used for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures, which is used to separate a solid from one or two liquids of different density. It is an important process in wastewater treatment.A chemical reaction is the change of a substance into a new one that has a different

... Continue reading "Coh3 chemical name" »