Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Psychology and Sociology

Sociology – study of the development, structure, and Functioning of human society

Sociological imagination – insight offered by sociology

Discrimination – unjust or prejudicial treatment of Different categories of people

Stereotype – widely held but fixed oversimplified image or Idea of certain people

Sociological research – study of people using methods such As interviews, surveys, focus groups

Quantitively – measuring something based on size, not quality

Qualitative – method of gathering non numerical data

Institutional review board – administration that protects rights And welfare of human subjects

Socialization – activity of mixing socially with others

Culture – arts and other manifestations of human Intellectual achievements

Ethnocentrisms... Continue reading "Hidden curriculum dottrens" »

Values and Modernization – Conceptual Framework Modernization theory builds on a long tradition stressing the Potential and extent of human progress. Generalized expectation that socio-economic modernization Effects value change. Enlightment: Science and reason set individuals free Marx: Technological change and capitalism makes Communism possible Smith: Technology is a source of wellbeing Postwar theorists: Some values favor economic progress While other ones not (e.G. Parsons) Nevertheless, classic modernization theory underspecifies (a) Mechanims and (b) types of values brought by modernization. Inglehart and central social theorists consider that economic Change is the main source of value change in modern societies. Values differ much... Continue reading "Human relation theory was an improvement scientific management theory of organigation" »

FREUD

·Oral: sucking and feeding

·Anal: focus of pleasure and toilet training

·Phallic: penis is the most important body part

·Latency: sexual need is acquired

·Genital: genital attention and sexual stimulation

·Adulthood: Continuation of all stages

ERICKSON family/culture

Developmental crisis

·Trust vs. Mistrust: being help, cared

·Autonomy vs. Shame: become self sufficient

·Initiative vs. Guilt: undertake adult activities

·Industry vs. Inferiority: master new skills

·Identity vs. Role confusion: development self-sense

·Intimacy vs. Isolation: develop relationships

·Generativity vs. Stagnation: contribute to the Future generations

·Integrity vs. Despair: make sense of your life

PIAGET

·Sensorimotor: use the sense and motor skills to Understand... Continue reading "essay" »

History is a term that relates to past events as well as the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events. The term includes cosmic, geologic, and organic history, but it often generically implies human history. History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyze a sequence of past events and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them.

Historiography

Historiography is the writing of history, especially the writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, the selection of particular details from authentic materials in those sources, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative that stands the test of critical

1.Psychology:scientific study of human mind and behaviour:  How we think, feel, act and interact individually and in groups.

2.Health psychology:Uses knowledge of psychology and health to promote general well-being And understand physical illness.

3.Clinical psychology:Deals with a wide range of mental and physical health problems including Addiction, anxiety, depression, learning difficulties and relationship Issues. 

4.Educational psychology:Tackles challenges such as learning Difficulties, social and emotional problems, issues around disability as well As more complex developmental disorders

5.Research psychology:Research underpins much of the teaching and practice of psychology as it Provides the evidence-base for psychological theory and

Efficacy: strength of your expectation to be successful. Self efficacy theory: ID to execute a task, efficacy expectations, behavior, outcome

Self competence: belief in ones own competence Self competence theory: 1 experience success-increased compet- increase MO 2 experience failure- decrease comp- decrease MO

Goal setting theory:process goals-performance goals- outcome goals. Goal setting guidelines: specific measurable and observable, identify time constraints, challenging but realistic, short term goals structured to reach long term, consider ID differences.

goal orientations: reason for achievement Goal perspective theory: two goal orientations influence perception of competency. Task oriented goal: mastery ego oriented: out performing others,... Continue reading "Human performance " »