Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Arts and Humanities

Characteristics: Persuasive Genre

Direct appeal to the audience to buy the product, using indirect strategies like metaphor, humor, and language play to engage the audience.

Advertising as a Multisemiotic Genre: Stages of an Advertisement

1. Lead

Locus of attention, typically an image that draws the reader's attention.

2. Display

The product or service advertised.

Explicit

The image shows the product.

Implicit

The image shows a different entity or idea.

3. Emblem

The brand name or logo.

4. Announcement

The most salient text, usually the slogan or catchy phrase conveying the main message.

5. Enhancer

Longer text with a description of product properties, typically persuasive.

6. Call and Visit Information

Contact details such as address, phone number, or website.... Continue reading "Advertising as a Multisemiotic Genre: Strategies and Features" »

The Narrative Verbal Icon /2

A Brief Overview of the History of Narration

• Phase 1: Mythic narration = "histories" of the world. Very ancient stories, which are signs of the thinking man. They are a kind of documentation about how people think. This was the narrative of fictitious cultures. The heroes were divine beings, outstanding humans who were able to do things which others are unable to.
• Phase 2: High Mimetic narration = imitating a culture which is superior to another, connecting the stories with historical facts. The producers of heroic epics found a tradition and storytellers followed them. (primary=oral, secondary=written). The journeys of Odysseus and Aeneas belong here. The focus is on the journey made by the characters (mostly without)

The Coming of International Relations

The First Great Debate

The emergence of international relations as a distinct field of study is intertwined with the rise of social sciences like economics, sociology, and political science. A group of scholars, often referred to as liberals, idealists, Wilsonians, or utopians, played a pivotal role in shaping early IR thought. They championed the establishment of international institutions, the expansion of international trade, and the practice of open diplomacy guided by experts. This belief in the power of international cooperation and institutions stemmed from their conviction that war was primarily a consequence of flawed thinking by politicians and diplomats.

These early IR thinkers argued that secrecy... Continue reading "The Rise of International Relations as a Social Science" »

Reinforcement Theory

Reinforcement theory posits that an individual's behavior is influenced by its consequences. Rooted in the "law of effect," this theory focuses on the outcomes of an individual's actions, rather than their underlying causes.

Positive Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement involves providing a positive response to desired behavior, thereby increasing its likelihood of repetition.

Negative Reinforcement

Negative reinforcement involves removing or reducing negative consequences in response to desired behavior, also increasing its likelihood of repetition.

Punishment

Punishment involves removing positive consequences or introducing negative ones to decrease the likelihood of undesirable behavior.

Extinction

Extinction involves withholding... Continue reading "Understanding Reinforcement Theory and Emotional Intelligence for Effective Leadership" »

Part of the Universal Creative Process

Composition

Golden Ratio: Fibonacci Number by Leonardo de Pisa

Composition Rules

Fieldwork Interviewing Techniques

Thin Description

Description: The description of what meets the eye, things that can be observed.

Thick Description

Description: The meaning behind the action. Thick description is a way of writing that includes not only describing an observation but also the context in which that behavior occurs.

It goes beyond surface appearances to include the context, detail, emotion, and webs of social relationships.

It presents the significance of an observation, event, or behavior. Thick description includes voices, feelings, actions, and meanings. Thick description always comes with a thin description.

Emic

Description: From the perspective of the subjects, how the subjects see it. An "emic" point of view. THEM

Etic

Description:

A PEEF AT PENGUINS.     1. C

Genres

Musical, Action, Romantic Comedy, Western, Science Fiction, Drama, Animation, Horror, Futuristic, Humorous

Adjectives

Others

Based on a novel: basada en una novela.

Based on a true story: basada en una historia real.

A hit: éxito de taquilla.

Cast: reparto  (de actores).

Costumes: vestuario.

Direct: dirigir.

Get rave reviews: conseguir críticas muy favorables.

Last: durar.

Main character: protagonista, personaje principal.

Nominate for an Oscar: nominar a un Óscar.... Continue reading "Film Terminology: Genres, Adjectives, and More" »

Camera Work

Camera work involves various techniques to convey meaning and emotions. These include:

• High/Low Angles: Used to show dominance or inferiority.
• Point of View/Over the Shoulder Shots: Encourage audience identification with the character.
• Camera Movement: Suggests character's state, such as fast-paced or anxious.
• Two Shots: Emphasize the relationship between characters.
• Zoom: For emphasis.
• Close-Ups: Capture emotions and reactions.
• Long/Establishing Shots: Show setting and costumes.

Common camera shots include establishing shot, master shot, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, wide shot, two-shot, aerial shot, point of view shot, over the shoulder shot, high angle, low angle, canted angle.

Camera movements include pan, tilt, track, crane, Steadicam,... Continue reading "Film Techniques Glossary" »