Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Religion

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Three Christian kingdoms at the beginning of the Middle Ages

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Popular religiosity in the Middle Ages was inspired by ancient Pagan customs that the Church had christianised, such as funeral rites and festivities related to the seasons. Christianity launched eight Crusades between 1095 and 1270: military expeditions to retake the Holy Land. This is the land where Jesus Christ preached and diedIn the 12th and 13th centuries, the crusaders formed several kingdoms, of which the most important was Jerusalem.Until the 12th century, culture was shut away in monasteries. Monks were virtually the only people who could read and write. Much of their work took place at the desks in the monastery library, where they made copies of works of the early Christian thinkersWith the urban growth of the High
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The Dignity of the Human Person and the Concept of Freedom in the Church

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First, the definition of a human person as the Church sees it is that they see men and women as the living image of God Himself, the image of His plan. They have received a part of God's dignity. The Church invites all people to recognize in everyone a brother or sister "for whom Christ died". A human individual possesses the dignity of a person, who is not just something but someone. He is capable of self-knowledge, self-possession, and of freely communicating with other persons. He is called by grace to offer his Creator a response of faith and love.

Human faculties: The Catholic social doctrine of the Church is based on the concept of society, which has been created according to a specific cultural model.

Man is a rational being, and this

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ABCDE religious

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Catholics                                                                                 Lutherans and Calvinists 

Doc: Salvation is achieved throgh                                           Doc: Salvation is achieved througn faith

faith and good deeds.                                                      (Lutherans) and predestiation (Calvinists)

Doc: Seven sacraments: baptism, confirmation,              Doc:Tow scaraments: baptism and communion

communion, penance, anointing of the                          Doc:No worsship of de Virgin Mary or de saints

sick, matrimony and holy orders.

Doc: Worhip of de Virgin Mary and the saints.

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Valores

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PIAGET´S THEORY

Before the age of 5, a child can only understand very specific rules. He or she interprets yhem as rigid rules set by adults and thinks they cannot change.
Between the ages of 5 and 10, a child´s group of friends becomes very important. Through play, the child starts to understand that rules help organise relationships between people , and that they can sometimes change if everyone agrees.
From the age of 10, a child can create general rules that aren´t related to specific cases. At this age, he or she understand that rules are based on respect for people, and that they can vary depending on the circustances.
MORAL RELATIVISM states that there is no universal morality, because morality varies with the time and the place.
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Traditions and Special Days in Spain

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Hi Alex,

Thanks for your letter, it was great to hear from you. I'm sorry I haven't written for ages, but I've been really busy preparing for my exams.

If I were you, I would visit Spain because we have good traditions and special days in my country. One special day is the Day of the Resurrection of Christ. On that day, Jesus rose from the dead, and we celebrate this religious event. We also have another day where we eat special food, but for us, it is a common day and we eat any type of food.

Here in Spain, we eat potato omelette with onion, which consists of eggs, oil, garlic cloves, and potatoes.

See you soon,

Ruben

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Counter Reformation: The Catholic Church's Response to Lutheranism

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counter reformation:

 to stop the spread of lutheranism , the catholic church began its own reform 

The pope Paul III called THE COUNCIL OF FRENT  to correct the mistakes of catholics 


-prohibition of the sale of indulgences

- creation of seminaries to improve the eduation of the clergy

- obligation of the clergy to lead an exemplary life

- creation of the cathetism(basic teachings)


the pope created the INQUISITION  in1542 , a tribunae that persecured and punished those who did not follow the catholic doctrine . And THE INDEX PROHIBITORUM was written, with the list of forbidden books. For example "95 theses"

the society of Jesus (jesusitas) spread the ideas of the counter reformation

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Concept of education

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Historical background

The origin of Buddhism Was a founderSiddhartha Gautama, the historicalBuddha, who was born inLumbini(in Present-day Nepal) during the 5th century BCE.


Basic Belief system

One fundamental belief of Buddhism is often Referred to as reincarnation the concept that people are reborn after dying. In Fact, most individuals go through many cycles of birth, living, death and Rebirth.

The four noble Truths

Dukkha: Suffering Exist is real and almost universal.

Samudaya: There is a cause of suffering people desire worldly things and self-satisfaction.Nirodha: There Is an end to suffering: is to stop desiring things.Magga: In Order to end suffering, you must follow the eightfold path.

·Eightfold Path

1.Know and understand The Forth Noble

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The modern subject is the subject of the sciences.

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CA6 - Essays


Artwork should always be kept in its country of origin:


It has always been debated and disputed on this subject. There are people in favor of leaving artwork in their countries of origin and others who were against.

I want to give my opinion about it. All artwork have a place of origin and many works are not found in the countries where they were created because throughout history there have been many expoiles produced by wars among other causes. I think that the artwork of a given time and place are important to know the origin, culture and idiosyncrasy of a specific town in a given time.
They are works that can characterize the spirit and raison d'être of a people in a certain time. That essence should not be lost, and I agree,
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Counter Reformation: Stopping the Spread of Lutheranism

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The Catholic Church began its own reform to stop the spread of Lutheranism.

The Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent to correct the mistakes of Catholics.

  • Prohibition of the sale of indulgences
  • Creation of seminaries to improve the education of the clergy
  • Obligation of the clergy to lead an exemplary life
  • Creation of the catechism (basic teachings)

The Pope created the Inquisition in 1542, a tribunal that persecuted and punished those who didn't follow the Catholic doctrine. The Index Prohibitorum was written, with the list of forbidden books. For example: "95 Theses".

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) spread the ideas of the Counter Reformation.

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The Meaning of the Letter A in The Scarlet Letter

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Meaning of the letter A in The Scarlet Letter

Puritanism, a strict Calvinist form of Protestant Christianity, differed from mainline Christianity in five principal beliefs. These beliefs constituted the Puritans' path to salvation and created a religion with a strict and rigid morality. In order to understand the meaning of the letter A in The Scarlet Letter, it is first necessary to understand Puritan Society.

For the Puritans, Original Sin brought total depravity to all humanity. Because of Original Sin, all humans are destined to die and suffer eternal damnation. Unlike Catholics and Christians of other denominations, who believed that Christ died for all mankind, Puritans believed that the death of Christ on the cross did not redeem the entire... Continue reading "The Meaning of the Letter A in The Scarlet Letter" »

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