Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Religion

The Catholic Church began its own reform to stop the spread of Lutheranism.

The Pope Paul III called the Council of Trent to correct the mistakes of Catholics.

• Prohibition of the sale of indulgences
• Creation of seminaries to improve the education of the clergy
• Obligation of the clergy to lead an exemplary life
• Creation of the catechism (basic teachings)

The Pope created the Inquisition in 1542, a tribunal that persecuted and punished those who didn't follow the Catholic doctrine. The Index Prohibitorum was written, with the list of forbidden books. For example: "95 Theses".

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) spread the ideas of the Counter Reformation.

First, the definition of a human person as the church sees it is that they see men and women as the living image of God himself, the image of his plan, they have received a part of God's dignity. The church invites all people to recognize in everyone a brother or sister 'for whom Christ died'. 'Human society is therefore the object of the social teaching of church since this is neither outside or nor over and above socially united men, but exists exclusively in them and for them.' The human individual possesses the dignity of a person, who is not just something but someone. He is capable of self-knowledge, self-possession and of freely giving himself and entering into communication with other persons. He is called by grace to offer his creator... Continue reading "The Church's View on Human Dignity and Freedom" »

Conradin Personality Essay

Conradin was a ten-year-old with a very particular and mental personality. He is 'protected' by Mrs. De Ropp. Conradin has been given less than five more years to live. He hates Mrs. De Ropp, and all he is left with is his imagination, which lets him live. Without his imagination, Conradin would have died long ago.

Introduction: A Summary of the Body

Conradin had a very particular personality; he felt hate, sadness, and the only thing he could live with was his imagination. He hated his cousin and imagined her dead when angry. His cousin was supposed to support and love him, but she only made him suffer, leading to his intense hatred.

He followed a religion and performed ceremonies far from the house to avoid his cousin.... Continue reading "Conradin's Unique Personality and Desires" »

African Beliefs

Their beliefs are called Myth, for them God is Supreme, god has a generic term in this case. They identify the creator by supreme Being. God refers to objects of worship in any religion.

There are 3 varying accounts of the creation of Cosmos.

1. Some believe that it was created in one act
2. Others believe that God created heaven first so that he would have a place standing on Heaven, he created the Earth.
3. Others say that God is still creating new things, excepts souls because Africans think that you need one to live. Ex: People have children. Does God create them or does God equip people with the ability to create them?

They view about the cosmos:

1. For the African, the cosmos is divided into 2 parts, the two can be described as the heaven

1. What does Bhakti movement mean? Ans. A series of Hindu saints & reformers started religious reform movements which adopted the method of devotion (Bhakti) to achieve salvation. Their method of expression of devotion ranged from the routine worship of deities within temples to singing & chanting of devotional compositions.

5. What were Attitude of the Nayanars & Alavars sects towards the cast? Ans. Some historians are of the view that Alvars & Nayanaras started a movement of protest against the caste system & the dominance of Brahmans or at least made efforts to reform them. This view is supported by the fact that these Bhakti reformers came from diverse social backgrounds; some of them belonged to lower classes such as... Continue reading "Bhakti Movement and Sufi Traditions: A Comparative Study" »

Meaning of the letter A in The Scarlet Letter

Puritanism, a strict Calvinist form of Protestant Christianity, differed from mainline Christianity in five principal beliefs. These beliefs constituted the Puritans' path to salvation and created a religion with a strict and rigid morality. In order to understand the meaning of the letter A in The Scarlet Letter, it is first necessary to understand Puritan Society.

For the Puritans, Original Sin brought total depravity to all humanity. Because of Original Sin, all humans are destined to die and suffer eternal damnation. Unlike Catholics and Christians of other denominations, who believed that Christ died for all mankind, Puritans believed that the death of Christ on the cross did not redeem the entire... Continue reading "The Meaning of the Letter A in The Scarlet Letter" »

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Where did Islam begin?

• Muslims believe in a single God.
• Islam is a monotheistic religion.
• It began in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century.
• The Arabian Peninsula is a flat region between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.
• They were polytheistic until Islam spread across the Peninsula.
• Mecca and Medina were important cities in the Peninsula.

Muhammad, the founder of Islam

• He was born in 570.
• He worked in the caravan trade and learned about the ideas of Judaism and Christianity.
• This religion was based on submission to Allah, or God, and was called Islam.
• Muhammad promoted the new religion, but in 622 he had to escape to Medina. (This event called Hegira marks the beginning of the Muslim era).
• Muhammad's sayings were recorded in the Quran,

Elements of Body Language You Can Consciously Work On:

• Posture:

  This will enhance your positive aura and help you appear more responsible and reliable. Few basics:
  • Stand tall with straight shoulders while leaning forwards slightly.
  • Keep your posture open by not folding your arms across your body.
  • Don't tuck your hands in your pockets, keep them free to gesture.
  • Work on improving your body language.

• Facial Expression:

  Use your face to show you're a friendly person. Express enthusiasm and conviction on your views through your face. The basics:
  • Nothing better than a genuine smile to express your warmth.
  • Keep your face relaxed with your gaze steady.
  • Make eye contact (not more than 2 seconds).
  • Keep the comfort of your audience in mind.

• Voice:

  Research shows

The Importance of the Trinity to Christians

God the Son

The concept of the Trinity, where God exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, holds immense significance for Christians. God the Son, embodied in Jesus Christ, represents God in human form, sent to Earth to redeem humanity. Jesus' power to heal and save serves as a reminder of God's love and compassion.

The Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit plays a crucial role in Christian faith by enabling believers to perceive God's presence in the world. It bestows upon them spiritual gifts and guidance, fostering a deeper connection with the divine.

The Trinity in the Nicene Creed

The Nicene Creed, a foundational statement of Christian beliefs, affirms the doctrine of the Trinity.

Jesus as the Son of God

The creed... Continue reading "Christian Beliefs: The Trinity, Problem of Evil, and the Last Days of Jesus" »