Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Using 'Wish' in English

• Present Wishes: Use 'wish' + Past Simple to talk about present situations you'd like to be different.
• Using 'Could' with 'Wish': Use 'wish' + 'could' to express desire for a different ability or possibility in the present.
• Past Regrets: Use 'wish' + Past Perfect (had + participle) to talk about things you regret from the past.
• Complaints/Annoyance (Present): Use 'wish' / 'if only' + subject + 'would' + infinitive (not 'I' or 'we') to complain about a present situation or someone's behaviour.
• Future Wishes: Use 'wish' / 'if only' + subject + 'would' + infinitive (often about changing someone's behavior or a future event).
• Expressing Regret: Use 'regret' + -ing form for past actions you wish you hadn't done.

It's Time & Would

Introduction: Some people claim that young people should obtain their driving license as soon as possible. In my country, the minimum age to drive is 18. Getting a driving license when turning 20 presents both advantages and disadvantages.

Arguments in Favor of Driving at 20

Let me start by saying that one significant advantage is the increased independence. On the one hand, being able to drive allows young adults to commute to university or work without depending on their parents for transportation. Furthermore, at age 20, individuals are generally more mature and better equipped to handle the responsibility associated with owning and operating a car.

Arguments Against Driving at 20

On the other hand, there are considerable disadvantages. For... Continue reading "Driving Age 20: Pros and Cons of Early Licensing" »

Honesty, Deception & Beliefs

• Be economical: ser económico
• Bluntly: francamente
• Deny: negar
• Fake: falso
• Fall for sth: caer en (algo, un engaño)
• Gossip: chismes / cotillear
• Hoax: engaño / bulo
• Make up: maquillarse / inventar
• Own up: confesar
• Pigs might fly: Cuando las ranas críen pelo / Ni de coña (expresión idiomática de imposibilidad)
• Pretend: fingir
• Tell tales: contar cuentos / chismorrear
• Two-time: engañar (a la pareja)
• White lie: mentira piadosa
• Back up: reforzar / apoyar / hacer copia de seguridad
• Cover up: ocultar / encubrir
• Point out: señalar / indicar
• Tamper with: manipular / alterar
• Agnostic: agnóstico
• Atheist: ateo
• Be convinced: estar convencido
• Believe in: creer en
• Condemn: condenar
• Condone: condonar / aprobar / pasar por alto (algo malo)
• Disapprove:

English Vocabulary Essentials

Crime and Justice Vocabulary

• arrest: arresto
• break the law: romper la ley
• commit a crime: cometer un crimen
• get away with (something): salirse con la suya
• get carried away: dejarse llevar
• give a sentence: dictar una sentencia
• go to court: ir al juzgado
• go to prison: ir a prisión
• pay a fine: pagar una multa
• punish: castigar
• spend time in prison: pasar tiempo en prisión
• treat fairly: tratar justamente

Key Nouns in Crime and Justice

• criminal: criminal
• judge: juez
• offender: delincuente
• victim: víctima
• witness: testigo

Noun Suffixes

Learn how to form nouns from verbs and other words:

• Assist → assistance
• Contaminate → contamination
• Discover → discovery
• Disturb → disturbance
• Enquire → enquiry
• Establish → establishment
• Examine →

Essential Phrases for Essays

Argumento (Argument)

1st Paragraph:

• In the first place = En primer lugar
• First of all = Antes que nada
• To start with = Para empezar
• At first sight = A primera vista

2nd Paragraph:

• Secondly = En Segundo lugar
• In the second place = En segundo lugar

3rd Paragraph:

• Finally = Por ultimo
• Lastly = Por ultimo
• In conclusion = Para concluir

Opinión (Opinion)

• In my opinion = En mi opinión
• In my point of view = En mi opinión
• From my point of view = Desde mi punto de vista
• Personally = Personalmente
• As far as I'm concerned = Por lo que a mí respecta

Contraste (Contrast)

• However = Sin embargo
• Nevertheless = No obstante
• On the one hand...on the other hand = Por una parte…otra parte
• Although = Aunque
• In spite of = A pesar de

Expresar Hechos (Expressing

Relationship and Social Vocabulary

• Sparks: chispa
• Perfect Match: combinación perfecta
• Going Out: salir
• Sweaty: sudoroso
• Values: valores
• Made Friends: hacer amigos
• Background: educación/formación
• Work Out: elaborar
• Get to Know: llegar a saber
• Matching: unión
• Tie the Knot: atar el nudo
• Get Along: llevarse bien
• Lasts: durar
• Date: cita
• Falling in Love: enamorado
• Single: soltero
• Relationship: relaciones
• Increase: aumentar/crecimiento
• Give it a Chance: dar una oportunidad
• Research: estudio
• Argue: argumentar
• Role: papel/oficio
• Doubt: duda
• Keep in Touch: mantener el contacto
• Claims: reclamaciones
• Arrange: arreglar
• Grown Apart: distanciarse
• Takes After: parecerse
• Engaged: compromiso
• Relative: familiar
• Couple: pareja
• Fiancé: novio
• Acquaintance: conocidos
• Close Friend: amigo cercano

Personality

English Grammar and Translation Exercises

• Este trabajo no está tan bien pagado como ese: This job isn't as well paid as that one.
• Él no entregó tantos mensajes como ella: He didn't deliver as many messages as her.
• Ella ha estado en Roma, pero no ha estado en Fez: She has been to Rome, but she hasn't been to Fez.
• Ella tiene el triple de reuniones que él: She has three times as many meetings as him.
• Ser enfermera es más gratificante que ser carnicero: Being a nurse is more rewarding than being a butcher.
• El trabajo de Annie es más complicado que el suyo: Annie's job is more complicated than hers.
• Trabajar en el departamento de ventas es más aburrido que trabajar en el departamento de I+D: Working in the sales department is more boring than working

Unit 2: Negative Prefixes

• disapprove
• dishonesty
• disloyalty
• illegal
• illegible
• immature
• impolite
• maleducado
• impossible
• incompatible
• irrational
• irresponsible
• uncomfortable
• unusual

Extreme Adjectives

• amazed
• attractive
• brilliant
• clever
• delighted
• encantado
• devastated
• fascinated
• funny
• gorgeous
• precioso
• hideous
• horrible
• hilarius
• divertidisimo
• interested
• miserable
• pleased
• contento
• sad
• scared
• surprised
• terrified
• ugly
• upset
• alterado

Unit 3: Adventure

Verbs

• book
• reservar
• catch a plane
• explore
• go swimming
• go on an adventure
• go on holiday
• hire
• alquilar
• pack
• hacer la maleta
• spend a day
• sunbathe
• tomar el sol
• take a trip
• ir de viaje
• take a photograph

Nouns

• bugee jump
• puenting
• crevasse
• grieta
• desert
• summit
• cumbre
• sunburn
• suntan
• bronceado
• survival

Noun Suffixes

• ability
• ambition
• caution
• determination
• encouragement
• animo
• endurance
• resistencia
• enjoyment
• happiness
• imagination
• inspiration
• patience
• performance
• actuacion
• reality
• toughness
• resistencia
• violence
• weakness

Get,

Essential English-Spanish Vocabulary List

• ...are used - se usan
• ...is used - se usa
• A few hours ago - hace unas horas
• A long time ago - hace mucho tiempo
• A table for...# - una mesa para #
• A/an - un/una
• Above - sobre
• To accuse - acusar
• Administration - la administración
• Administrator - el administrador
• Afternoon - la tarde
• Algebra - el álgebra
• To allow/permit - permitir
• Almond - la almendra
• Already - ya
• An hour ago - hace una hora
• Andean - andino/a
• To announce - anunciar
• To answer - contestar
• To arrive - llegar
• Art - el arte
• To ask (a question) - preguntar
• To ask for/order - pedir
• Assistant - el asistente
• Astronomy - la astronomía
• At/to - a
• To attend - asistir a
• Avocado - el aguacate
• Backpack - la mochila
• Bacon - el tocino
• Bad - estar mal/ser malo
• Baked - al horno
• Band -