Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

1. THAT'S RIGHT: TIENES RAZÓN
2. SHE'S GOING TO BE: ELLA VA A CUMPLIR
3. YOU MEAN: QUIERES DECIR, TE REFIERES
4. LET'S SEND THEM FLOWERS: ENVIÉMOSLE FLORES
5. SAME: MISMO/A
6. TO BUY SOMETHING SPECIAL: COMPRAR ALGO ESPECIAL
7. TO GET A PRESENT: CONSEGUIR UN REGALO
8. TO HAVE A PARTY: TENER UNA FIESTA
9. ANYTHING SPECIAL: ALGO ESPECIAL
10. ALL OUR FRIENDS: TODOS NUESTROS AMIGOS
11. TO DO MUCH: HACER MUCHO
12. I'M GOING TO: VOY A
13. LET'S SEND: ENVIEMOS
14. TO BAKE: HORNEAR
15. HOW OLD: QUÉ EDAD
16. TO GIVE: DAR, ENTREGAR
17. SOMETHING NICE: ALGO AGRADABLE
18. NEXT BIRTHDAY: EL PRÓXIMO CUMPLEAÑOS
19. HOW MANY CARDS: CUÁNTAS TARJETAS
20. ARE YOU GOING TO...?: ¿VAS A...?
21. TO SPEND: GASTAR, DEDICAR
22. TO SEND ANYONE FLOWERS: ENVIAR FLORES A ALGUIEN
23. TO BUY ANYONE A GIFT: COMPRAR UN REGALO A ALGUIEN
24. TO BLOW OUT: SOPLAR
25. SOMEONE: ALGUIEN
26. EXCHANGE

1. Causes of Decolonization

The decolonization of Africa and Asia was a rapid process that began at the end of World War II.

a. Factors

i. Nationalist Movements

During the interwar period, nationalist movements began to form in the colonized countries, encouraged by the disappearance of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. They started to denounce colonial oppression and claim the right to independence. Charismatic leaders emerged, such as Nehru, Gandhi, Ho Chi Minh and Nasser.

ii. Weakness of the Metropolises

During the two World Wars, colonized peoples stopped seeing their colonizers as superior. The prestige of the metropolises declined and the myth that the great powers were invincible disappeared. These events encouraged feelings of independence, strengthened... Continue reading "Decolonization of Africa and Asia: Causes, Phases and Key Milestones" »

Common English Verbs

Here is a list of common English verbs with their past tense forms and Spanish translations:

• Present: present, Past: past
• Answer: answered, Responder: responder
• Ask: asked, Preguntar: preguntar
• Drop: dropped, Dejar caer: dejar caer
• Listen: listened, Escuchar: escuchar
• Look: looked, Mirar: mirar
• Look for: looked for, Buscar: buscar
• Study: studied, Estudiar: estudiar
• Watch: watched, Ver: ver
• Break: broke, Romper: romper
• Bring: brought, Traer: traer
• Buy: bought, Comprar: comprar
• Come: came, Venir: venir
• Do (does): DID, Hacer: hacer
• Drink: drank, Beber: beber
• Eat: ate, Comer: comer
• Find: found, Encontrar: encontrar
• Get: got, Adquirir: adquirir
• Get back: got back, Recuperar: recuperar
• Give: gave, Dar: dar
• Go: went, Ir: ir
• Have: had, Tener: tener
• Leave:

English-Spanish Language Resources

Irregular Verbs List

• be (was, been) - ser
• become (became, become) - volver
• begin (began, begun) - empezar
• bite (bit, bitten) - morder
• break (broke, broken) - romper
• bring (brought, brought) - traer
• burn (burnt, burnt) - quemar
• buy (bought, bought) - comprar
• choose (chose, chosen) - elegir
• come (came, come) - venir
• cost (cost, cost) - costar
• cut (cut, cut) - cortar
• do (did, done) - hacer
• drink (drank, drunk) - beber
• eat (ate, eaten) - comer
• find (found, found) - encontrar
• forget (forgot, forgotten) - olvidar
• freeze (froze, frozen) - congelar
• get (got, got/gotten) - obtener
• give (gave, given) - dar
• go (went, gone) - ir
• have (had, had) - tener
• hear (heard, heard) - escuchar
• keep (kept, kept) - guardar
• know (knew, known) - saber
• leave (

English Connectors

Addition Connectors

• Also, in addition, and furthermore: Used after a period and followed by a comma.
• Moreover (además)
• Besides (además)
• As well as (además de)

Contrast Connectors

• On the one hand / on the other hand
• But
• Although
• While
• In spite of (no obstante)
• However (aunque)
• Even though (a pesar de)
• Despite (a pesar de)
• Nevertheless (sin embargo): These are always used after a period and followed by a comma.

Reported Speech

Verb Form Changes

• Present Simple → Past Simple: lives → lived
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous: is living → was living
• Past Simple → Past Perfect Simple: lived → had lived
• Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous: was living → had been living
• Present Perfect → Past Perfect Simple: has lived → had

Essential English Vocabulary

This document provides a list of useful English words and phrases, along with their Spanish translations and corrected spellings.

• A high level: Nivel alto
• Absorbed: Absorbido
• Add to: Añadir a
• Advance: Avance / Adelantar
• Advancement: Avance
• Alive: Vivo
• Apparently: Aparentemente
• Appealing: Atractivo
• Attract: Atraer
• Attraction: Atracción
• Attractive: Atractivo
• Boost: Impulsar
• Broadcast: Retransmitir
• Catch a glimpse: Ver algo por un segundo
• Catch on: Hacerse popular
• Childproof: A prueba de niños
• Come down on: Criticar
• Come into: Heredar
• Come off: Salir / Resultar
• Come out: Salir a la venta / Salir fuera
• Come round: Pasar por / Volver
• Crowd: Multitud
• Dim: Poca luz
• Draw a crowd: Atraer una multitud
• Either way: De cualquier manera
• Ensure: Asegurar
• Enthusiasm:

English Vocabulary for Daily Life and Academic Topics

Vocabulary for Residence Halls and Shared Living

• Residence halls: residencia universitaria, colegio mayor
• To move into a house: mudarse a una casa
• To share a house: compartir piso
• To get along (with sb) very well: To get on (with sb) very well / llevarse muy bien (con alguien)
• To take on: To assume, to accept / asumir
• To sort out: To classify, to organize / poner en orden, clasificar, separar, organizar
• Paperwork: papeles, burocracia
• Yet: (Formal) However / no obstante
• To rise up: To move upwards / subir, ascender
• Ankle: tobillo
• Plughole: desagüe
• Clogged: Blocked / obstruido, atascado
• To have a row (with sb): To have an argument (with sb) / discutir (con alguien)
• Barely: Hardly, rarely / apenas
• Annoying:

Unit 3: Vocabulary and Key Concepts

Reading 3: Essential Terms

• Lifelong: De toda la vida.
• Bookworm: Avid reader / Ratón de biblioteca.
• Stunned: Shocked, much surprised / Estupefacto, atónito, pasmado, anonadado.
• What a waste!: ¡Qué desperdicio!
• To pick up: To collect, to take / (Re)coger.
• To make a difference: Marcar la diferencia.
• To tune out: To ignore / Dejar de escuchar, dejar de prestar atención.
• Chatter: Empty or frivolous talk / Parloteo.
• Hugely: Extremely / Tremendamente.
• To set out: To show, to display / Mostrar, presentar.
• To struggle through: Abrirse paso a través de.
• It’s worth (+-ing): Vale la pena…
• To dismiss: To reject / Rechazar, menospreciar.
• Cunning: Smart, intelligent / Astuto, inteligente (e.g., Cunning wordplay: hábiles juegos

Pronunciamientos fracasados, excepto el de Riego (1820)

Durante el Trienio Liberal (1820-1823) se vivió una gran inestabilidad política, producida por la indiferencia del pueblo y por la división de los liberales en moderados o doceañistas y exaltados o veinteañistas. En este período se puso en marcha la obra de Cádiz: se abolieron los privilegios y se suprimieron los señoríos e la Inquisición, se impuso el tributo único y la desamortización eclesiástica, el Código Penal y la Milicia Nacional, pero no solucionaron nada.

Esto, más la conspiración del rey, ocasionó que en 1822 el Congreso de Verona enviara a los Cien Mil Hijos de San Luis, que restituirían a Fernando VII como rey absoluto, iniciando la Década Ominosa (1823-1833)

Essential English-Spanish Phrases

Here are some useful English and Spanish phrases for everyday conversations:

• Hi, what's up? / Hola, ¿qué está pasando?
• I am at your service anytime. / Estoy a su servicio cuando guste.
• May I help you? / ¿Puedo ayudarlo?
• What can I do for you? / ¿Qué puedo hacer por usted?
• Certainly. / Seguro.
• Thank you very much. / Muchas gracias.
• You are welcome. / De nada.
• Hi there! / ¡Hola amigos!
• What's your name? / ¿Cómo te llamas?
• How old are you? / ¿Cuántos años tienes?
• Where were you born? / ¿Dónde naciste?
• What's your citizenship? / ¿Cuál es tu ciudadanía?
• Where are you going? / ¿Adónde vas?
• I am going home/shopping. / Voy a casa/de compras.
• Have a nice day! / ¡Que tengas buen día!
• Likewise. / Igualmente.
• I intend