Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other foreign languages

La narrativa catalana dels anys 70 fins a l'actualitat

Els novel·listes que es van donar a conèixer al començament dels anys setanta compartien la consciència general de la crisi dels models novel·lístics, cosa que els va fer decantar per l'experimentalisme narratiu. Moltes de les novel·les d'aquesta generació tenen un caràcter de crònica generacional i se centren en el tema de la fugida com a reacció contra la situació claustrofòbica que es vivia en l'entorn familiar i en l'entorn sociopolític de la dictadura franquista.

Des de la primeria dels vuitanta, la novel·la de gènere —la policíaca, l'eròtica, la de ciència-ficció i la històrica— ha estat molt practicada pels escriptors, que l'han considerada un mitjà per a...

Romantika

Romantika je književno obdobje, ki se je v Evropi razvijalo v 18. in 19. stoletju. Romantiki so pisali fantastično, pustolovsko, pravljično in sanjsko. Največjo vlogo so imela čustva, zlasti sentimentalizem (pretirana čustva). Značilen je melanholičen pogled na svet, imenovan svetobolje, pri čemer junaki svet doživljajo kot trpljenje. Osrednja ideja je razkol med idealom in stvarnostjo.

Najbolj razvita je lirika, slabše pa dramatika in pripovedna proza.

Predromantika v Nemčiji

Romantika se je v Nemčiji najprej pojavila kot predromantika.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (predromantika)

Goethe se je rodil leta 1749 v Frankfurtu v družini cesarskega svetnika. Študiral je pravo, nato pa je opravljal pravno službo v Wetzlarju. Leta...

Common English Suffixes in Professions

Verb + -er/-or

• Many professions are formed by adding -er or -or to a verb. Examples: editor, farmer.

Noun + -ist

• Professions in medicine and science often use the suffix -ist. Example: neurologist.
• Musicians also commonly use this suffix. Example: violinist.

Noun + -ian

• Professions ending in -c or -cs often take the suffix -ian. Example: politician.

Suffixes in Beliefs, Movements, and Ideologies

Useful Vocabulary for Career and Achievement

• Achieve: Conseguir
• Achievement: Logro
• Challenging: Estimulante
• Fail: Suspender
• Fulfill: Alcanzar
• Goal: Objetivo
• Motivated: Motivado
• Overcome: Superar
• Pass: Aprobar
• Put pressure on: Presionar
• Satisfying:

La poesia modernista a Catalunya

Al final del segle XIX apareixen uns poetes que abandonen les limitacions que imposava la triple temàtica dels Jocs Florals: «fe, pàtria i amor». Les diverses influències provinents d'Europa es concreten a Catalunya en dos corrents principals:

• Corrent decadentista o esteticista: es caracteritza pel rigor formal i el conreu d'uns temes artificiosos i culturitzants.
• Corrent vitalista: el vitalisme s'oposa a l'esteticisme i a l'excessiu idealisme i abstracció del simbolisme a través del seu esperit combatiu i del compromís social. El poeta té la missió de despertar el poble; és un visionari antiretòric i humanista. La poesia ha d'alliberar el sentiment personal i deixar-se dur per la intuïció i els valors

El Auxiliar Dental

Las funciones principales de el auxiliar dental consisten en preparar la sala de trabajo y el instrumental, procurar el bienestar del paciente y limpiar, desinfectar y esterilizar el material.

La Historia Clínica Dental

La historia clínica dental es un documento personal y confidencial en el que deben constar todos los datos de filiación del paciente y los referentes a los aspectos clínicos y económico-administrativos relacionados con la asistencia al paciente (estos últimos son precisos para la correcta gestión de la clínica dental).

Los Datos de Filiación

Los datos de filiación comprenden:

• Número de historia clínica.
• Apellidos y nombres del paciente.
• Fecha de nacimiento y edad (expresada en años y meses si se trata

Ability

Expressing ability with modal verbs:

• Can (present ability): Can you speak French?
• Will be able to (future ability): She will be able to speak French in two months.
• Could (past ability, unrealized potential): I could have gone to university when I was younger.
• Be able to (general ability): She is able to speak Chinese.
• Was/were able to (past ability, achieved action): We were able to escape the fire.
• Couldn't/were not able to (negative past ability): We couldn't/were not able to finish the project.

Possibility

Expressing degrees of possibility:

• May (higher probability): He may be in his office.
• Might (lower probability): She might be 30 years old.

Certainty

Expressing certainty or impossibility:

• Must (certainty): He must be over 70.
• Can't (impossibility)

Active and Passive Voice Tense Transformations

Active Voice vs. Passive Voice Examples:

• Present Simple: Active: They love | Passive: They are loved
• Present Continuous: Active: They are loving | Passive: They are being loved
• Past Simple: Active: They loved | Passive: They were loved
• Past Continuous: Active: They were loving | Passive: They were being loved
• Present Perfect: Active: They have loved | Passive: They have been loved
• Past Perfect: Active: They had loved | Passive: They had been loved
• Future (Will): Active: They will love | Passive: They will be loved
• Future (Going To): Active: They are going to love | Passive: They are going to be loved

Future Continuous and Future Perfect Tenses

Future Continuous Structure

Formula: WILL + BE + V-ING

Example:...

Past Simple

The past simple is formed by using the second column of irregular verbs or by adding -ed to regular verbs.

Use when with the past simple.

Past Continuous

The past continuous is formed with was/were + verb + -ing.

Use as or while with the past continuous.

Past Perfect

The past perfect is formed with had + past participle.

When used with the past simple and past perfect, it always goes before the past simple.

The Future

Will-Future

Will + infinitive is used for:

• Predictions
• Promises
• Spontaneous decisions
• Probability
• First conditional

Going to-Future

Going to + infinitive is used for:

• Future plans
• Intentions
• Predictions based on present evidence (e.g., "It's going to rain because there are clouds.")

Present Continuous

Am/is/are + -ing is used for plans.

Future

Part 1: Financial Ratios and Metrics

Working Capital

Working Capital = Accounts Receivable + Stock - Accounts Payable

Net Short-Term Debt

Net Short-Term Debt = Short-Term Debt - Cash

Net Total Debt

Net Total Debt = Net Short-Term Debt + Long-Term Debt

Net Total Investment

Net Total Investment = Working Capital + Net Fixed Assets

Security Stock

Security Stock = Working Capital - Net Short-Term Debt

Average Collection Period (ACP)

ACP = [(Average Accounts Receivable) / (Revenues)] * 365

Average Sales Period (ASP)

ASP = [(Average Stock) / (Cost of Sales)] * 365

Purchases

Purchases = Cost of Sales + Stock2 - Stock1

Average Payment Period (APP)

APP = [(Average Accounts Payable) / (Purchases)] * 365

Financial Average Maturity

Financial Average Maturity = Sum of Averages

Cash

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Common Phrases and Idioms

Work and Everyday Life

• Paid peanuts: Pagar una miseria (To be paid very little)
• Got sacked: Despidieron (To be fired)
• Show you the ropes: Mostrar como funciona (To show someone how to do a job)
• Pulling your weight: Ponerte las pilas (To do your fair share of work)
• Homesick: Tener morriña (To miss home)
• Make yourself at home: Sentirse como en casa (To feel comfortable)
• Suburbs: Barrios residenciales (Residential areas outside of a city)
• Success: Éxito (Achievement)

Examples:

• Earn money, respect: Ganar dinero, respeto
• Teamwork: Football match, group project
• Profit: Selling things, investing money
• Pack: Suit, toothbrush
• Deliver: Pizza, message
• Dare: Come late, make personal phone calls

Other Useful