Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other foreign languages

Automatización de Grupos y Usuarios

Para realizar la gestión de grupos mediante archivos .bat, utilice el siguiente script:

@echo off
for /f "tokens=5 delims=; skip=1" %%a in (usuarios.csv) do call grupos %%a

Script grupos.bat

@echo off
net localgroup %1
if errorlevel 1 goto crear
if errorlevel 0 goto mostrar
:crear
net localgroup %1 /add
:mostrar
net localgroup
:fin

Creación Masiva de Usuarios

Utilice este script para procesar usuarios desde un archivo CSV:

@echo off
cls
for /f "tokens=1,2,4,5,6,7 delims=; skip=1" %%a in (usuarios.csv) do call crear2 %%a %%b %%c %%d %%e %%f
type errores.txt

Script crearr.bat

net user %1%2
CLS
if errorlevel 1 goto crear
if "%errorlevel%"=="0" echo Fecha:%date% Hora:%time% el usuario %1%2 ya ha sido creado >>

(PS) [SUJETO] + [VERBO] (en infinitivo sin to) A la tercera persona se le añade s. Para los verbos acabados en "-o","-sh", "-ch" , "-ss", "-x" , "-z", "-y" se añade "-es" en lugar de "-spara la 3ª persona del singular".Rutinas, Situaciones permanentes, Leyes naturales o físicas

(PC) [SUJETO]+ am/are/is (verbo to be) + [ VERBO CON -ING Se sustituye la "-e"final por "-ing"] Acciones que se están haciendo en el mismo momento que se habla situaciones cíclicas en un periodo de tiempo definido

(PAC)El pasado continuose utiliza para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento específico en el pasado, verbo auxiliar “to be” y el gerundio (infinitivo + “-ing”)I was talking

(PAS)pasado simple para acciones completas en el pasado, usamos el...

Adjectives and Corresponding Nouns

• Aggressive → Aggression
• Assertive → Assertiveness
• Confident → Confidence
• Defensive → Defensiveness
• Frustrated → Frustration
• Impatient → Impatience
• Innocent → Innocence
• Nervous → Nervousness
• Open → Openness
• Self-conscious → Self-consciousness
• Sensitive → Sensitivity
• Shy → Shyness

Modal Verbs for Ability and Requests

Requests

Structure: Can/Could + Infinitive + ?

Example: Can/Could you help me find my phone?

(Spanish translation: ¿Puedes o podrías ayudarme a encontrar mi teléfono?)

Present Ability

Structure: Can/Can't + Infinitive OR Be able to + Infinitive

Example: I can/am able to play the piano, but I can't/am not able to play the violin.

(Spanish translation: Puedo/puedo tocar el piano, pero no puedo/

TEMA2 VOCABULARY

• adopt an approach to
• analyse
• conduct
• demonstrate the possibility that
• field of study
• major breakthrough
• observe
• procedure
• process data
• provide evidence
• test a theory
• variety of sources
• guinea pig
• light years ahead
• quantum leap
• rocket science
• side effects
• trial and error
• come about
• come to light
• discomfort
• distinguish
• make out
• mutation
• personal hygiene
• pick up
• treatment
• widespread
• bring up
• go over
• hook up
• look at
• plug in
• rely on
• show off
• take after
• take away
• take in

TEMA 3 VOCABULARY

• influence
• make advances in
• make improvements to
• make the world of difference
• overcome difficulties
• remarkable achievement
• seek ways to improve
• transform
• turning point
• considerable change
• dramatic change
• far-reaching change
• refreshing change
• subtle change
• unexpected change
• city-dwelling
• complex
• doorstep
• expand
• go

I. Professional Debt Collection Correspondence (Spanish & English)

Initial Payment Reminder: April Statement (€10,800)

Spanish Version:

Incluimos copia de su estado de cuentas de abril por la suma de 10.800 €. Nos gustaría recordarle que nuestras condiciones de pago son de 30 días y agradeceríamos que abonara su cuenta pendiente lo antes posible. Si ya ha liquidado dicha cuenta, por favor, no tenga en cuenta esta carta.

English Version:

We include a copy of your April statement for the sum of 10,800 euros. We would like to remind you that our payment terms are 30 days, and we would appreciate it if you would pay your outstanding account as soon as possible. If you have already settled that account, please disregard this letter.

Second

Mastering English Grammar Essentials

Understanding Punctuation Marks

• Colon (:): Used before explanations, lists, or direct speech.
• Comma (,):
  • To separate items in a list.
  • To set off parenthetical expressions or words/phrases placed in unusual positions. For example: "My father, however, did not agree."
  • To separate a subordinate clause from the main clause when the subordinate clause comes first.
• Dash (-): Can be used in a similar way to colons, semicolons, or brackets. It can also introduce something unexpected or surprising.
• Full Stop (.): Used to mark the end of a sentence or a complete idea.
• Quotation Marks ("): Used to enclose direct speech or titles of short works.
• Semicolon (;): Used instead of a full stop in cases where sentences are grammatically

English Connectors and Linkers

1. Reason and Cause

(Razón o causa de algo) →

• Because / as / since (+ sentence)
• Because of / owing to / due to (+ noun)

2. Purpose

(Propósito o finalidad) →

• To / In order to / So as to (+ infinitive)
• In order that / So that (+ sentence with modal verb)

3. Exemplifying

(Aclarar lo que explicamos) →

• For example / for instance
• Such as... / like...

4. Additions

(Para añadir algo) →

• Moreover / Furthermore / Besides (Además)
• In addition to / as well as (+ noun or pronoun)

5. Result or Consequence

(Resultado o consecuencia de una acción) →

• Therefore (Por ello) / Consequently / For this reason / Thus
• As a result of (+ substantive or pronoun)

6. Contrast

→

• However / Nevertheless / On the contrary
• While / Whereas (Sentence with

English Grammar: Understanding Modal Verbs

I. Core Modal Verbs and Their Functions

A. Single Concept Modals

• WILL: Future (Futuro)
• MIGHT: Small Probability (Pequeña probabilidad)
• SHOULD: Recommendation (Recomendación)
• OUGHT TO: Formal Recommendation (Recomendación formal)
• HAD BETTER: Warning (Advertencia)

B. Double Concept Modals

• MAY: Permission (Dar permiso)
• MAY: High Probability (Buena probabilidad de que pase algo)
• MUST: Responsibility (Responsabilidad)
• MUST: Assumption/Logical Deduction (Una suposición)
• WOULD: Past Habit (Used to) (Pasado acostumbrado)
• WOULD: Present Unreal Condition (Presente irreal)
• SHALL: Polite Offer/Suggestion (Oferta de expresión educada)
• SHALL: Contractual Obligation (Obligación contractual)
• COULD: Unreal Ability (Habilidad

Study Guide Questions

1. What is the name of the novel we have been studying in class?

The name of the novel we are studying is The Catcher in the Rye

2. Where does D.B live?

Hollywood

3. What is D.B's job?

D.B's job is a screenwriter in Hollywood

4. What is Pencey Prep?

Pencey Prep is a boarding school where Holden was; there were stupid phony people

5. What does Holden think about D.B's job?

Holden thinks that D.B's job is a prostitute because he sells his scripts

6. Why was all the fencing team upset?

They were upset because Holden left the equipment in the subway

7. Who is Old Spencer?

Old Spencer was Holden's teacher

8. Why did Old Spencer want to see Holden before Christmas break?

He wanted to say goodbye

9. Why wasn't Holden going back to school in January?...

Comprehension Check Answers

Setting Details

• 1: a
• 2: c
• 3: d
• 4: b
• 5: c
• 6: a
• 7: c
• 8: a
• 9: d
• 10: b

Character Selections

• 11: b
• 12: c
• 13: d
• 14: c
• 15: a
• 16: d
• 17: a
• 18: b
• 19: d
• 20: a

Dialogue Responses

• 21: b
• 21: b
• 23: c
• 24: c
• 25: b
• 26: b
• 27: a
• 28: d
• 29: c
• 30: a

Vocabulary Matching

• 31: c
• 32: a
• 33: b
• 34: a
• 35: d
• 36: a
• 37: b
• 38: a
• 39: d
• 40: b

Plot Sequence Answers

• 41: b
• 42: a
• 43: c
• 44: a
• 45: a
• 46: b
• 47: a
• 48: c
• 49: b
• 50: a

Additional Questions & Responses

Question Set 1: True or False Statements

• a: False
• b: True
• c: True
• d: False
• e: False
• f: False
• g: True
• h: True
• i: False
• j: True

Question Set 2: Specific Selections

• 1: d
• 2: e
• 3: b
• 4: a
• 5: c

Question Set 3: Contextual Scenarios

• a: He wanted to see his family.
• b: They wanted the government to release their two ‘brothers’.
• c: They would kill a passenger.
• d: There was an accident