Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Spanish

Unit 7: Work out, Point out, Make out, Think over, Come up with, Make up

• Work out: To solve a problem or situation
• Point out: To indicate or mark something
• Make out: To see or understand something difficult
• Think over: To consider or think about something carefully
• Come up with: To think of a plan
• Make up: To invent an excuse

Unit 8: Hold up, See off, Drop off, Take off, Pick up, Set off

• Hold up: To stop or delay
• See off: To say goodbye to someone who is going on a trip
• Drop off: To take someone to a place and leave them there
• Take off: To depart (usually referring to a plane)
• Pick up: To collect something or someone
• Set off: To start a journey

Unit 9: Call off, Put off, Be taken aback, Be over, Be off, Give out

• Call off: To suspend or cancel
• Put off: To postpone
• Be

relative clauses: who/ which/ whose/ that

Rhetoric-The mayor's promise to fight drugs was just rhetoric, since there was no money in the city budget for a drug program.

Scintillating-The host's scintillating conversations with celebrities have earned her numerous awards.

Spartan- They appeared to be celebrating something unusual in an otherwise Spartan life.

Stigma-There's a social stigma attached to receiving welfare.

Stoic-She turned and studied his stoic profile anxiously.

Suave-He's a suave and sophisticated businessman.

Svengali-As these people began to give interviews for biographies of the star, his reputation as a psychological Svengali became set in stone.

Sycophant-When her career was riding high, the self-deluded actress often mistook sycophants for true friends.

Teetotaler- a quandary

Present Perfect Simple (Yet,recently,lately,how long..?, in recent years,for,never,since,ever,already,just):Have o has    +   V -ed o -3ºcolum  Accion terminada dentro de una unidad temporal no terminada.

Present Perfect Continuous (all night,for a year, since 2002, how long…?, day,week,morning): Have o has+ Been+ ing.       Have o has+ suj+been+ing?

Future Perfect Simple (by 3 oclock,in four months, by August,by then,by the end of, by this time next…): Will have + 3ªcolumna.     Una acción que estará terminada en el futuro.

Past Perfect Simple (already, by the time, afther, before, until, never, just…): Had + 3ªcolumna.   Accion pasada que ocurre antes que otra accion tambien terminada.

Past Perfect Continuous (for

1. Why did Jane start having problems with her parents?

I wanted to get a job on Saturday, but my parents ordered me to stay home and study for my exams.

2. What kind of things did Jane do to provoke her parents?

I dyed my hair white blond and put on makeup before going to school.

3. What happened every time Jane wanted to go out at night?

Her parents controlled everything, making her give them the phone number of her companion and setting a curfew.

4. What happened at that Saturday night party?

Her father came to pick her up at 10 p.m. and she felt embarrassed.

5. What has been Jane's attitude since then?

She has become more quiet because her parents have relaxed the strict rules they imposed on her.

Dear Sir or Madam

I am writhing t oapply for the position of telecomunications technician that.I saw advertised on www. On 20th jenuary

my name is Al and currently i am studing a vocational course in telecomunications.I provide a certificate technicical Studies in computer Sistems and Networks,apart from that,I hold a certificatee in Cisco, obtained this year.I have not got eny problems for moving out to another city for work.

I look forward to hearing from you

your faithfully

THAT

IT,WHICH : cosas animales RING

who : personas STAR

where : lugar MESH

when : tiempo BASH

whose : posesion(cuyo)

PS,he,she,it=es no futuro:(sometimes,often,never,usualy,hardlu eververbos(look,think..)

PC.Acciones futuro=ing (now, at the moment,week,day.Next,tomorrow,!!)

(i=am)... Continue reading "Latitude of the position" »

Present Simple: I drink

Present Continuous: I'm Drunk

Present Perfect: I have drunk

Present Perfect Continuous: I have been drinking

Past Simple: I drank

Past Continuous: I was drinking

Past Perfect: I had drunk

Past Perfect Continuous: I had been drinking

Future Simple: I will drink

Future Continuous: I will be drinking

Future Perfect Simple: I will have drunk

Future Perfect Continuous: I will have been drinking

Modal Verbs

• Can
• Could
• May
• Might
• Must
• Should
• Will

Relative Pronouns

• Who (person)
• What (thing)
• That (person/thing)
• Whom (person)
• Which (thing)
• Whose (person/thing)

Passive Voice: Object + To be + Past Participle + By + Subject (WAS)

Present Simple

Do/Does-Preguntas vbos normales, ej. I usually get up at 7.00 o’clock, I love fish.->Always, usually, generally, regularly, occasionally, frequently, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never. In the morning/afternoon... at 6.30, on Mondays, every week, once a week, how often..?

Present Continuous

Are/Is/Am+ing ej. I am listening to music, This month he is living in Madrid.~>-Now, right now, at the moment, This year, at present, today, these days, this month, This evening, tonight, tomorrow, next. Friday/week/month.

Past Simple

Acciones completadas en el pasado ej. Mary bought a new car last week, We had dinner and watched a film.->-Yesterday, last week/year/month, three days ago, in 1989, in the 1970s, in the 19th century,... Continue reading "English Verb Tenses and Vocabulary" »

1. Phone Call Vocabulary

Common Phrases

• Answer: responder
• Be careful: tener cuidado
• Break up: romper
• Caller: persona que llama
• Extension: extensión
• Get cut off: cortarse la llamada
• Hang up: colgar el teléfono
• Make a mistake: cometer un error
• Professional: profesional
• Put...on hold: poner en espera
• Put...through: pasar la llamada
• Repeat: repetir
• Ring: sonar
• Wrong number: número erróneo

2. Describing People

Personality Traits

• Angry: enfadado
• Friendly: amigable
• Funny: divertido
• Polite: educado
• Rude: maleducado
• Serious: serio

3. More Phone Call Phrases

Common Expressions

• Go out of the office: salir de la oficina
• Out of town: fuera de la ciudad
• Interference: interferencia
• Interrupt: interrumpir
• Leave a message: dejar un mensaje
• Leave a voicemail: dejar un mensaje de voz
• Line

Present simple am/are/is

The chicks are brought up by a foster parents 

Los polluelos son criados por un padre adoptivo 

Past Simple was/were

In the past,tigers were hunted 

En el pasado, los tigres eran cazados 

Future Simple will+be

The horses will be examined soon=

Los caballos serán examinados pronto

Modals modal+be

A foster parent must be found =

Se debe encontrar un padre adoptivo

Modals Perfects modal+have been

You could have been attacked by the dog =

Podrías haber sido atacado por el perro 

Present Continuos am/is/are+being

The foster mother is being kept very busy =

La madre adoptiva se mantiene muy ocupada .

Past Continuos was/were +being

At 8.00, teh animals were being fed =

A las 8.00, los animales estaban siendo alimentados 

Present perfect