Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Spanish

1. Verb Conjugation

• take
• will know
• pay
• will do
• doesn't attempt
• won't introduce

2. Regret and Wishes

• I wish I had not cheated on my exam
• I wish my parents would give me money to spend
• I wish I had not deleted an email
• I wish I had not told them I was too tired to go out

3. Conditional Sentences

• had been/would have told
• would not have been/had called
• went/would be
• would have been/had continued
• had known/wouldn't have had
• hadn't cheated/would have had

4. Spanish Examples

• Si tú no le hubieras dicho eso a David, todo estaría bien
• Sería más fácil si tú solo dijeras la verdad

5. Positive Character Traits

• bravery
• compassion
• generosity
• self-reliance
• fairness
• honesty
• loyalty

6. Examples of Incorrect Usage

• Two teenagers broke into the school and stole some laptops
• If you come

Attractions: atracción

München: Germany

DISABLED TOILETS: minusválidos de baños

tourist Information Centre: centro de información turística

DEN HAAG: The Hague the Netherlands.

SEAFRONT: paseo marítimo.

website: pagina web

GENEVA: Switzerland(ZUISA)

SAND: acantilado.

Display rack: expositor, exhibidor.

Lisboa. Portugal.

RIGHT HAND: el de la mano derecha.

Call centre: servicio telefónico de atención

WARSZAWA: Warsaw (VARSOVIA) (Poland)

BEHAVING: comportarse

Dental Appointment: pedir cita con el dentista.

København: Copenhagen (Denmark)

SWEDE: sueco

DISPLAYS: monitor

FIRENZE: Florence (Italy)

FINN: Finlandés
DANE: Danes

TIMETABLES: horario, planificar.

STAINED GLASS WINDOWS: Vidrieras

PRAGA: Prague (Czech Republic)

TOWER: Torre

BARBECUE: BARBACOA

FIREWORKS:

Relative Clauses

Types of Relative Clauses

Specifying Relative Clauses

These clauses provide essential information and are not separated by commas. They identify the specific noun or pronoun being referred to. Without the relative clause, the sentence would be incomplete and lack clarity.

Example:

Incorrect: I don't like stories. They have unhappy endings.

Correct: I don't like stories which have unhappy endings.

Explanatory Relative Clauses

These clauses provide additional information that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. They are set off by commas or a comma and a full stop. They never use the relative pronoun "that."

Example:

Incorrect: Mrs. Morgan is an English teacher. His son is in our class.

Correct: Mrs. Morgan, whose son is in

Present Simple Affirmative

I, you, we, you, they walk. He, she, it walks.

Present Simple Negative

I, you, we, you, they don't walk. He, she, it doesn't walk.

Present Simple Interrogative

Do I, you, we, you, they walk? Does he, she, it walk?

Present Simple Affirmative (Response)

Yes, I, you, we, you, they do. Yes, he, she, it does.

Present Simple Negative (Response)

No, I, you, we, you, they don't. No, he, she, it doesn't. (Add 'es' when the verb ends in 'ss', 'sh', 'ch', 'x', or when it ends in a consonant plus 'y', change 'y' to 'ies'. Used for daily routines.)

Present Continuous Affirmative

I, you, we, you, they are looking. He, she, it is looking.

Present Continuous Negative and Interrogative

Same as above, adding 'not' for negative and '?' for interrogative.... Continue reading "Present Simple and Present Continuous Tenses" »

Environmental Vocabulary

• BAN: prohibir
• BRING BACK TO LIFE: devolver a la vida
• CAUSE: causar
• DESTRUCTION: destrucción
• DRILLING: extracción/explotación
• EXPOSE: exponer
• FOSSIL FUEL: combustible fósil
• GLOBAL WARMING: calentamiento global
• LANDSCAPE: paisaje
• OIL SPILL: fuga de petróleo
• RAISE MONEY: recaudar dinero
• RENEWABLE ENERGY: energía renovable
• RESTORE: restaurar
• SOURCE: origen/fuente
• TAKE ACTION: tomar medidas
• THREAT: amenaza
• WILDLIFE: flora/fauna

Grammar Vocabulary

• ACCOMPLISHMENT: logro
• DECLINE: disminución
• DEVELOPMENT: avance
• FREEDOM: libertad
• GOVERNMENT: gobernar
• KNOWLEDGE: conocimientos
• LAST: durar
• LEAD TO: llevar a
• LONG BEFORE: mucho antes de
• MAJOR: muy importante
• PLAY A ROLE: desempeñar un papel
• TAKE CONTROL: hacerse con el control
• TAKE PLACE: tener lugar
• TRADE:

 2 ES la aaab RUTINAS; I get up at 6:50 am I make myself a cup of tea and I iron The rop I shower and dress. I usually wear pants, a t-shirt and sports shoes Then I enlist my tools to go to school in the afternoonRUTINA POR LA TARDE; Lunch at 11 a.M. I brush my teeth. Then I take the bus At 11:40. It takes about 50 minutes to arrive at my destination. I arrive at my School and immediately go to class.RUTINAS NOCHE at night I leave my school I go to the stop I have to wait for five To 10 minutes until the busy comes after I pick it up and I go home when I get Home first I eat I brush my teeth and at nine I start doing my homework QUIEN ES EL who is he cual ES EL:which is the QUE ES :what is it CUANDO FUE :when It was DONDE FUE :where wasCUANTO:

CARTA: my news: dear mother. How are you, i am writing to tell you my  news guess what' i have a small apartament and it very nice for the neighborhod where i live is quiet is not noisy as well i enrrolled in a karate school and it"s fantastic i"m learning to speak english and french and i"m also taking lessons todrive a car the food here is delicious well that"s all for now and say hello to everyone

take care mother i love

CONVERSACION: j.Hello eli how are you?E:hi janet,i"m fine and you? J:I"m fine where do you live?E: in the suburbs and you? J:in the downtown, how you is house? E:with material noble J:I see, and how many do you hace? E:ther are five bedrooms and are livinroom  J: Do you have furniture in the house? E: Yes,i have many furniture... Continue reading "Alexander the great "the sky will fall" »

presente simple - pasado siemple: takes - took

Film-making

• camara operator
• cast
• costume designer
• credits
• lighting
• location
• make-up artist
• script
• set designer
• sound effects
• soundtrack
• storyboard
• subtitles
• role
• movie
• it's a wrap
• final cut
• casting agency
• wait around
• sign up with

Reporting verbs

• verb + to infinitive
• verb + object + infinitive
• verb + that

Advertising

• ad agency
• ad/advert/advertisement
• advertising campaign
• brand
• celebrity
• consumer
• eye-catching
• go viral
• hype
• jingle
• online ads
• peer pressure
• persuasive
• target audience
• noticeboard
• common room
• captive audience
• brand loyalty
• free-thinking
• citizens

Easily confused verbs:

• borrow: tomar prestado - lend: prestar
• hope: esperar - wait: esperar
• remember: recordar - remind: recordar
• see: ver - watch: ver
• spend: gustar - waste: desperdiciar
• win: ganar - earn: ganar

Reported Speech

• am/is/are - was/