Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Public contest

To sort the diversity of life using a rating system. Kingdom, phylum. sub class, super, order, sub groups, sub, genus, species, sub. Hierarchical binomial nomenclature, the greater the taxa categories. To reconstruct the phylogeny of a group uses a character that varies among members (ancestral character.) Is also used to compare outgroup (outgroup ) This is phylogenetically close, but not part of the study group. For any phylogenetic reconstruction we need to consider the characters that we use in our analysis and determine which is the primitive condition that presents the common ancestor of several. In this sense, we use the apomorphies that
refer to a derived or specialized character. In contrast, plesiomorphic, is a primitive character.

Glossary of Words

• Creek (n): A stream smaller than a river
• Soaring (n): The sport of flying a sailplane
• Shack (n): A rough cabin; shanty
• Huddle (v): To gather or crowd together in a close mass
• Garrulous (adj): Excessively talkative in a rambling, roundabout manner, especially about trivial matters
• Brag (v): To use boastful language; boast
• Unruly (adj): Not submissive or conforming to rule; ungovernable; turbulent; intractable; refractory; lawless
• Sturdy (adj): Strongly built; stalwart; robust
• Aloofness (n): The quality or state of being aloof, distant, or reserved; indifference
• Clench (v): To close the hands, teeth, etc. tightly
• Plea (n): An appeal or entreaty
• Foyer (n): The lobby of a theater, hotel, or apartment house
• Spool (n): Any cylindrical piece

Expense: Will it cost a lot of money for the municipality? Is it worth it?

Benefits of Having Siblings

• Siblings promote physical activity, reducing the likelihood of obesity.
• Parents save money by handing down and sharing items between children.
• Being an only child can enhance imagination and sociability.

Challenges of Being an Only Child

• Only children may feel lonely without close school friends or during family crises.
• Caring for elderly parents can be more stressful for only children.

Grammar

1. • I have been helping.
   • I was trying.
   • I took.
   • They had already disappeared.
   • It is going to sell.
   • I will be attending.
   • I will have finished.
   • They are holding.
   • I will call.
2. • How long has it been since you swapped with a Canadian family?
   • When did your daughter learn to surf?
   • What have you been doing some research about?
   • Does your flight leave at 22:

Smoking: A Controversial Habit

Arguments For and Against Smoking

Smokers often cite pleasure, stress relief, and social acceptance as reasons for their habit. They may also have grown up in environments where smoking was normalized.

Non-smokers, however, highlight the severe health risks associated with smoking, including lung cancer, bronchitis, and asthma. They also point out the financial burden and negative aesthetic effects of smoking.

Addressing the Issue

It's crucial for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and educators to collaborate on solutions to combat smoking addiction and support those seeking to quit.

Environmental Concerns: Protecting Our Planet

The Impact of Pollution

Pollution poses a significant threat to human health, causing... Continue reading "Global Issues: Smoking, Environment, and Migration" »

ACCIDENT AT HOME

It was an ordinary summer morning, all the members of my family were still sleeping but my brother was finishing a Biology project in the attic. Anyway, something happened to me that day that I'll never be able to forget. I was rushing downstairs as I was late to my football match and my girlfriend had just arrived to pick me up. WHEN SUDDENLY I slipped, lost my balance, fell backwards, bumped my head against the ground, and lost consciousness for 10 minutes. AS SOON AS I REGAINED CONSCIOUSNESS I realized that I was shocked and dizzy, unable to breathe properly as I had lost the feeling in my left knee. Besides, my left arm was swollen and dislocated. Luckily, I was able to take my cell phone out of my pocket, dial 112, and... Continue reading "Personal Stories of Accidents and Assaults: Lessons Learned" »

All organism cells need nutrients to grow and function. Heterotrophic organisms, can`t produce their own nutrients. They obtain them from food. Multicelullar organisms have a lot of organs. Those organs are grouped in different systems that do diverse functions. 5 important systems work together to help our organism being correct: Digestive system, Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Excretory system, Lymphatic system.

DIGESTION.

* Digestive proccess: Like all animals, human beings obtain sugars, fats and proteins from food. This is done thanks to the digestive system. 3 phases are done here: Digestion, Absortion and Expulsion of waste.

The food

Amylase begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when you chew your food, converting it into a smaller carbohydrate. Pepsin helps digest the proteins in food because amylase is at the mouth and the pepsin at the stomach.

Chyle

Is a body fluid in the small intestine. It is turbid and milky due to the presence of emulsified fats. Is formed from the chyme during the digestion of fatty foods.

Intestinal Flora

Is the symbiotic bacteria occurring naturally in the gut.

Defecation

Is the final action of digestion, by which organisms eliminate solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material from the digestive tract via the anus.

Mechanical Digestion

This is the enzymatic breakdown of large, complex molecules found in food into smaller, simpler, more... Continue reading "Understanding Digestion, Blood Composition, and the Endocrine System" »

en las preguntas con las 5 w se pone esta luego se cambia la forma vb y se añade lo demas. En las que se contesta con un si o no se añade un if mas vb cambiado mas resto. En las ordenes se añade to antes del verbo en su forma orginal y se deja todo igual