English Verb Tenses and Conditionals Summary

Present Simple

Afirmativa: Subject + Verb (-(e)s)

Negativa: Subject + do/does not + Verb

Pregunta: Do/Does + Subject + Verb?

Time expressions: Every (day, morning, week...), in the morning / afternoon / evening, on Sundays / Mondays..., always / often / usually, once / twice a week, timetables (at 3 o'clock...).

Present Continuous

Afirmativa: Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing

Negativa: Subject + am/is/are not + Verb-ing

Pregunta: Am/Is/Are + Subject + Verb-ing?

Time expressions: Now, right now, at the moment, at present, still, today / tonight, Look! / Listen!

Past Simple

Afirmativa: Subject + Verb (Past form / V2)

Negativa: Subject + did not + Verb

Pregunta: Did + Subject + Verb?

Time expressions: Last (day, week, year...), yesterday, the other day, ... ago, when, in 2021.

Past Continuous

Afirmativa: Subject + was/were + Verb-ing

Negativa: Subject + was/were not + Verb-ing

Pregunta: Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing?

Time expressions: While / as, all day yesterday, yesterday at 6 o'clock, from 5 to 7.

Present Perfect

Afirmativa: Subject + have/has + Verb (Past Participle / V3)

Negativa: Subject + have/has not + Verb (Past Participle / V3)

Pregunta: Have/Has + Subject + Verb (Past Participle / V3)?

Time expressions: Already, just, yet, ever / never, since / for, this morning / year, how long?

Past Perfect

Afirmativa: Subject + had + Verb (Past Participle / V3)

Negativa: Subject + had not + Verb (Past Participle / V3)

Pregunta: Had + Subject + Verb (Past Participle / V3)?

Time expressions: By the time, before / after, by 1999 / 6 o'clock.

Future Simple

Afirmativa: Subject + will + Verb

Negativa: Subject + will not + Verb

Pregunta: Will + Subject + Verb?

Time expressions: Tomorrow, next week / year, later, soon, in the future, in 3 days / 2 minutes.

Future Continuous

Afirmativa: Subject + will be + Verb-ing

Negativa: Subject + will not be + Verb-ing

Pregunta: Will + Subject + be + Verb-ing?

Time expressions: This time next week, this time tomorrow.

Future Perfect

Afirmativa: Subject + will have + Verb (Past Participle / 3rd Column)

Time expressions: By this time next month, by 6 o'clock, by the end of, in three months.

Conditionals

• Zero Conditional: Situaciones reales y permanentes: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
• First Conditional: Posibilidades reales en el presente o el futuro: If + Present Simple, Will/Can + Infinitive
• Second Conditional: Situaciones imaginarias que probablemente no sucedan: If + Past Simple, Would/Could/Might + Infinitive
• Third Conditional: Situaciones imaginarias sobre el pasado: If + Past Perfect, Would/Could/Might + Have + Past Participle

Wish and If Only Structures

1. Wish / If Only + Past Simple

Se usa para hablar de una situación presente que queremos cambiar.

Estructura: Subject + wish / if only + subject + Past Simple (2nd Column / -ed)

Significado: “Ojalá…” / “Me gustaría que…”

2. Wish / If Only + Would

Se usa para expresar molestia o queja sobre acciones que otra persona hace y queremos cambiar.

Estructura: Subject + wish / if only + subject + would + verb

3. Wish / If Only + Past Perfect

Se usa para arrepentimientos del pasado.

Estructura: Subject + wish / if only + subject + had + Verb (Past Participle / V3)

Significado: “Ojalá hubiera…”