English Grammar Cheat Sheet
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Reported Speech
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| Pres. (I said "I go to London") | Pas. (He said that he went to London) |
| Pres. C. (He said "I'm going...") | Pas. C. (...he was going...) |
| Pas. (He said "I went to London") | Pas. Perf. (...he had gone...) |
| Pas. C. (He said "I was going...") | Pas. Perf. C. (...he had been going...) |
| Pres. Perf. (He said "I have gone...") | Pas. Perf. (...he had gone...) |
| Fut. (He said "I will go...") | Cond. (...he would go...) |
| Pas. Perf. | Pas. Perf. |
| Cond. | Cond. |
Today - that/that day/tomorrow - the following day/yesterday - the day before/here - there/this - that/these - those.
Conditionals
- If present / future (will, is/are going to)
- If past / conditional (would/could)
- If past perfect / conditional perfect (would + have + past participle)
Passive Voice
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Present | to |
English Verb Tenses & Grammar Rules Explained
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English Verb Tenses: Structure & Usage
Present Simple
- Affirmative: Subject + main verb (base form).
- Negative: Subject + auxiliary verb "to do" + not + main verb (base form).
- Interrogative: Auxiliary verb "To do" + subject + main verb (base form)?
Present Continuous
- Affirmative: Subject + auxiliary verb "to be" + main verb (-ing form).
- Negative: Subject + auxiliary verb "to be" + not + main verb (-ing form).
- Interrogative: Auxiliary verb "To be" + subject + main verb (-ing form)?
Past Simple
- Affirmative: Subject + main verb (-ed or irregular past form).
- Negative: Subject + wasn't/weren't (for verb "to be") OR Subject + auxiliary verb "did" + not + main verb (base form).
- Interrogative: Auxiliary verb "Was" / "Were" + subject? (for verb "to be") OR Auxiliary
Java Generic Linked Queue Implementation (FIFO)
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Java LinkedQueue Implementation (Generic)
This document presents the source code for a generic LinkedQueue class in Java. This implementation uses a singly linked list structure, adheres to the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) principle, and implements the Iterable interface.
package org.mp.repaso;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
public class LinkedQueue<T> implements Iterable<T> {
<span style="color:#ba2da2">private int</span> N; <span style="color:rgb(0,132,0)">// Tamaño de la cola</span>
<span style="color:rgb(186,45,162)">private</span> Node<T> primero; <span style="color:rgb(0,132,0)">// Primer elemento de la cola (Head)</span>
<span... Continue reading "Java Generic Linked Queue Implementation (FIFO)" »Roald Dahl's Parson's Pleasure: Summary & Analysis
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Parson's Pleasure
The story that I enjoyed most was 'Parson's Pleasure' because the story is about an antique dealer. I like the world of antiques, old cars and houses, and old things. It is also funny because the man, to avoid suspicion, parks his car out of sight and dresses as a parson. I also like the method that the man uses to persuade the owners. On one occasion, Boggis finds a particularly valuable commode at a farm. The farmer, Rummins, although initially suspicious, thinks that it is a good price for a worthless piece of furniture. Finally, the farmer is persuaded by Boggis, thinking that Boggis will only use it as firewood.
The Open Window
Framton Nuttel, a young man greatly concerned with his health, reluctantly accepts his doctor'... Continue reading "Roald Dahl's Parson's Pleasure: Summary & Analysis" »
English Verb Tenses & Essential Vocabulary Reference
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English Verb Tenses: Forms and Usage
This section provides a concise reference for forming common English verb tenses, including positive, negative, and interrogative structures.
Present Simple
- Positive: Base verb (add -s for third person singular)
- Negative: don't / doesn't + base verb
- Interrogative: Do / Does + subject + base verb?
Present Continuous
- Positive: am / is / are + verb-ing
- Negative: am not / isn't / aren't + verb-ing
- Interrogative: Am / Is / Are + subject + verb-ing?
Past Simple
- Positive: Verb-ed (regular verbs) / 2nd column (irregular verbs)
- Negative: didn't + base verb
- Interrogative: Did + subject + base verb?
Past Continuous
- Positive: was / were + verb-ing
- Negative: wasn't / weren't + verb-ing
- Interrogative: Was / Were + subject + verb-ing?
Present
... Continue reading "English Verb Tenses & Essential Vocabulary Reference" »English Past Simple Irregular Verbs
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Common English Irregular Verbs
| Spanish | Infinitive | Past Simple |
| Ser / estar | Be | Was / were |
| Empezar | Begin | Began |
| Romper | Break | Broke |
| Traer | Bring | Brought |
| Comprar | Buy | Bought |
| Poder | Can | Could |
| Elegir | Choose | Chose |
| Costear | Cost | Cost |
| Venir | Come | Came |
| Cortar | Cut | Cut |
| Hacer | Do | Did |
| Beber | Drink | Drank |
| Manejar | Drive | Drove |
| Comer | Eat | Ate |
| Caerse | Fall | Fell |
| Sentir | Feel | Felt |
| Pelear | Fight | Fought |
| Encontrar | Find | Found |
| Volar | Fly | Flew |
| Obtener | Get | Got |
| Dar | Give | Gave |
| Ir | Go | Went |
| Tener | Have | Had |
| Golpear | Hit | Hit |
| Saber | Know | Knew |
| Dejar | Leave | Left |
| Prestar | Lend | Lent |
| Perder | Lose | Lost |
| Hacer | Make | Made |
| Poner | Put | Put |
| Pagar | Pay | Paid |
| Leer | Read | Read |
| Correr | Run | Ran |
| Decir | Say | Said |
| Ver | See | Saw |
| Enviar | Send | Sent |
| Cantar | Sing | Sang |
| Sentarse | Sit | Sat |
| Dormir | Sleep | Slept |
| Hablar | Speak | Spoke |
| Gastar | Spend | Spent |
| Nadar | Swim | Swam |
| Tomar | Take | Took |
| Enseñar | Teach | Taught |
| Decir | Tell | Told |
| Pensar | Think | Thought |
| Entender | Understand | Understood |
| Escribir | Write | Wrote |
| Despertar | Wake | Woke |
| Ganar | Win | Won |
La vida de inma
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Unit 3: Relative pronoms: who/that (quien- personas), which/that (cual-objetos o cosas), whose (cuyo, posesivo), when/that (cuando, tiempo), where (donde, lugar). Unit 4: 1. REPORTED SPEACH: presente simple-- past simple, past simple-- past perfect simple, present continuos-- past continuos, present perfect simple-- past perfect simple, past perfect simple-- past perfect simple, am,is,are going to-- was,were going to, will-- would, past continuos-- past perfect continuos . Say--- said to, quito to, detras that. Tell you, me-- told me, her. 2 Modal verbs: will-- would, can-- could, must-- had to. 3 Time and place expressions: now-- then, today-- that day yesterday-- the day before, last week-- the week earlier, tomorrow-- the next day, next... Continue reading "La vida de inma" »
Mastering Indirect Questions, Time Expressions, and Passive Voice
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Indirect Questions (IF without Interrogation)
Direct: How many offices does your company have?
Indirect: Can you tell me how many offices your company has?
Direct: Who is the marketing manager?
Indirect: I'd like to know who the marketing manager is.
Direct: Where did you buy your laptop?
Indirect: Can you tell me where you bought your laptop?
Direct: Is there a conference room in the building?
Indirect: Can you tell me if there is a conference room in the building?
Direct: Does Peter come to his office in the afternoons?
Indirect: I'd like to know if Peter comes to his office in the afternoons.
Direct: Have you studied English before?
Indirect: Can you tell me if you have studied English before?
Direct: Why didn't John call me last night?
Indirect: Can... Continue reading "Mastering Indirect Questions, Time Expressions, and Passive Voice" »
Essential Spanish Phrases and Pronunciation
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#5 ¿Cómo estás? – How are you?
- (KOH-moh eh-STAHS)
#6 ¿Cómo te va? – How’s it going?
- (KOH-moh te vah)
#7 ¿Cómo te ha ido? – How’ve you been?
- (KOH-moh te ah EE-doh)
#8 ¡Estoy bien ¡Gracias! – I’m fine, thanks
- (eh-STOY bee-en GRA-thee-as/GRA-see-as)
#9 ¿Y tú? – And you?
- (ee too)
#10 Bien/ Así así. – Good/ So-so
- (bee-en / a-SEE a-SEE)
#11 ¿Qué tal? – How are you?
- (kay tal)
#12 ¿Qué pasa? – What’s happening?
- (kay PA-sa)
#13 ¿Qué haces? – What are you doing?
- (kay AH-says)
#22 ¿Podría ayudarle? – Can I help you?
- (poh-DREE-a ay-oo-DAR-le)
#22 ¿Puede ayudarme? – Can you help me?
- (PWE-day ay-oo-DAR-may)
#23 ¡Sin problema! – No problem!
- (sin prob-LAME-ah)
#24 ¿Puede repetirlo? – Can you say that again?
- (PWE-day re-pet-
Love Story: Plot Summary and Reader Review
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Love Story: English Summary
The story is about a couple, Jennifer Cavilleri and Oliver Barrett. They meet at university and fall in love. Their romance continues, and they meet their parents. Oliver’s parents are rich, and Jennifer’s father is poor, but Oliver doesn’t mind. The couple wants to marry, but Oliver’s father doesn’t accept it, and they fight. Finally, they get married.
Three years later, they live together in a humble flat because Oliver’s father doesn’t give them money as before. They work hard; she is a teacher, and he is a lawyer. Then, they move to New York. They want to have children, but they can’t because Jenny is very sick. Finally, she dies when she is 24. Oliver is very sad and sees his father in the hospital.... Continue reading "Love Story: Plot Summary and Reader Review" »