Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

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Essential Words and Phrases

Verbs

Action Verbs

• Blow up: explode
• Wipe out: make everything disappear/eliminate
• Wrap up: envelop
• Carry out: llevar a cabo
• Collide with/Crash into: estrellar/chocar
• Pick up: recoger/ir a buscar
• Put off: postpone
• Take off: quitarse una prenda/despegar
• Call off: cancel
• Catch on: understand
• Work out: find out
• Try out: try

Phrasal Verbs

• Show someone the ropes: explain to someone how to do an activity
• Pull your weight: work as hard as other people
• Hire: contratar/alquilar
• Break down: romperse
• Deal with: tratar con
• Slack off: vaguear
• Share profits: compartir las ganancias
• Dare: atreverse
• Take for granted: no saber valorar
• Take sides: tomar partido
• Run wild: descontrolarse
• Run short of: quedarse sin
• Run an errand: hacer

EMPEZAR:

At first: At first; At first sight (vista); First at all; Firstly; To begin with (para empezar); Secondly, Thirdly; Initially (inicialmente)

OPINION:

As far as I am concerned: From my point of view; Talking from my experience; I agree/disagree; In my opinion/view; It is true that; To be honest; Personally; In fact; Actually; Most people; Nowadays = currently.

MAS INFO:

And eventually: Finalmente; Aparte from (aparte de); In addition/Moreover/besides = Ademas; Furthermore (asimismo); Another point is that (habría que añadir que); After that (después de eso); Meanwhile (mientras tanto); Next (luego); Doubtless (sin duda); That is (es decir)

CONCLUIR:

All in all: Resumiendo; In conclusion; Eventually (finalmente); Afterwards (más tarde);... Continue reading "Effective Spanish Email Writing Tips and Vocabulary" »

This vocabulary list provides key phrases for structuring effective opinion essays, complete with Spanish translations, categorized by function.

1. Expressing Opinions and Beliefs

Present Simple

Indicators: Always, often, usually, generally, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never, every..., once/twice a..., three times a..., on days of the week, by day, weekly, regularly, at first..., then.., Monday...

Past Simple

Indicators:

• Determined time: Last week, yesterday, six weeks ago...
• Indeterminate time: The other day, ages ago, a long time ago...
• The previous day, week...
• The day, week before...

Future Simple

Indicators: Tomorrow, next week, probably, maybe, perhaps, I (hope, think, believe, expect...), spontaneous decisions, predictions, favors, uncertain future.

Present Continuous

Indicators:

• Am + -ing
• At present, currently, now, right now, at the moment, at this moment
• "Today" (contrasting a habit)
• This afternoon, tonight, tomorrow,

    Don't let me down

Crashing, hit a wall
Right now I need a miracle
Hurry up now, I need a miracle
Stranded, reaching out
I call your name but you're not around
I say your name but you're not around

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
I think I'm losing my mind now
It's in my head, darling I hope
That you'll be here when I need you the most
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
Don't let me down

Don't let me down
Don't let me down, down, down
Don't let me down, don't let me down, down, down

Running out of time
I really thought you were on my side
But now there's nobody by my side

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let... Continue reading "Don't Let Me Down" »

In charge of: a cargo de / Overtime: tiempo extra  Steady job: trabajo fijo

Shifts: turno Rewarding: complaciente  Freelance: trabajar por cuenta de cada uno

Self-employed: autónomo Deadline: lana egiteko epe-muga

Commute: lanagatik lekualdatzea (Adb: Donostitik Arrasatera)

Employee: empleado Employer, boss: jefe Neat appearance: Itxura onekoa

Manager: gerente Civil Servants: langile publikoak (teachers, polices…)

Health insurance: seguro médico Get training: preparase, Especializarse

Promoted: ascendido → Get a Promosion: ascender

Rise: aumento Staff: langile taldea Run a business: Negozio Bat eraman

Resign: dimitir Fired, sack: despedido Odd jobs: lan ugari Egin, denetik zerbait

Flourish: ezagutze handitu Privilege: privilegio Stuff: Trasto,... Continue reading "hitzak" »

Common Spanish Verb Tenses and Structures

• Yo había hablado: I had spoken
• Yo habré hablado: I will have spoken
• Estuve muy decepcionado: I was very disappointed
• Ella no sentiría: She wouldn't feel
• Quiero comer: I want to eat
• Me gusta comer: I like eating

Expressing Desires and the Subjunctive

• Quiero que él venga: I want him to come
• No quiero que ella viva sola: I don't want her to live alone
• Quiero que vivas aquí: I want you to live here
• ¿Intentarías...?: Would you try...?
• Cuando me haya ido: When I have gone

Time and Duration with 'Desde'

• Desde abril estoy trabajando de camarero: I have been working as a waiter since April
• Tengo amigos desde hace un mes: I have had friends for a month
• Vivo en Burgos desde 2003: I have lived in Burgos since 2003

Essential

Present Simple

Usage: Habits and facts (e.g., I eat, I dance).

• Affirmative: I eat, she sleeps.
• Negative: I don't, she doesn't sleep.
• Frequency Adverbs (before the verb): Always, usually, never, sometimes, often, hardly ever, seldom, rarely.
• Time Expressions: Every day/week/month, in the evening/morning/afternoon, at night, on Mondays, once/twice a year/month.

Present Continuous

Usage: Actions happening now (e.g., I am... -ing).

• Affirmative: I am watching.
• Negative: She is not watching.
• Time Expressions (Start): Now, at the moment, at present, just now, right now.
• Time Expressions (End): Tonight, tomorrow, next week/day, in two days, on Sunday, the day after tomorrow.

Past Simple

Usage: Completed actions (e.g., I walked, I was, I was).

• Affirmative: I ate,

Mastering English Vocabulary and Essay Writing

Essential Irregular Verbs for English Learners

• Become: Llegar a ser (become/became/become)
• Mean: Querer decir (mean/meant/meant)
• Begin: Empezar (begin/began/begun)
• Break: Romper (break/broke/broken)
• Bring: Traer (bring/brought/brought)
• Burst: Reventar/Estallar (burst/burst/burst)
• Choose: Elegir (choose/chose/chosen)
• Forget: Olvidar (forget/forgot/forgotten)
• Learn: Aprender (learn/learnt/learnt)
• Let: Permitir (let/let/let)
• Lose: Perder (lose/lost/lost)
• Ring: Llamar (ring/rang/rung)
• Say: Decir (say/said/said)
• Show: Mostrar (show/showed/shown)
• Shut: Cerrar (shut/shut/shut)
• Take: Coger (take/took/taken)
• Teach: Enseñar (teach/taught/taught)
• Encourage: Animar (regular verb)

Common English Connectors and Transition Words

• First

Subjunctive

Subjunctive

El subjuntivo se usa para dar mayor énfasis en una oración.

¿Y cómo es eso?

Por ejemplo, en español se dice: "Es importante que nosotros comamos sano".

Mientras que en inglés se dice: "It is important that we eat healthily".

Subjunctive Sentence Structure

El orden que se utiliza en este tipo de oraciones es el siguiente:

It is + adjective + that + subject + verb (base form) + complement (It's)

Common Adjectives Used with the Subjunctive

Los verbos/adjetivos que mayormente se usan en este tipo de oraciones son:

• Best
• Crucial
• Desirable
• Essential
• Imperative
• Important
• Recommended
• Urgent
• Vital

Examples with the Subjunctive

It's crucial that you pay attention to the teacher.

Es crucial que prestes atención al profesor.

It's essential that