Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

Classical Conditioning Terms

International Crisis Management

Risk Assessment

Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment to identify potential crises that could impact your organization's international operations. Analyze political, economic, social, technological, and legal factors in your countries or regions of operation.

Crisis Response Team

Establish a dedicated crisis response team with members from different departments who have the expertise and authority to make critical decisions during a crisis. Clearly define roles, responsibilities, and communication channels within the team.

Communication Strategy

Develop a robust communication strategy for internal and external stakeholders. Establish a clear chain of command for key messages, prepare spokespersons for media interactions,... Continue reading "International Crisis Management Strategies" »

Maritime and Marine Terminology

Polluter: A vessel emitting harmful substances into the air or spilling oil into the sea.

Proceed (to): To sail or head for a certain position or to continue the voyage.

PA-system (Public Address System): Loudspeakers in the vessel's cabins, mess rooms, etc., and on deck via which important information can be broadcast from a central point, mostly from the navigation bridge.

RCC (Rescue Coordination Centre): Land-based authority conducting and coordinating search and rescue operations in a designated area.

Receiving Point: A mark or place at which a vessel comes under obligatory entry, transit, or escort procedure.

Reference Line: A fictive line displayed on the radar screen separating the fairway for inbound and outbound... Continue reading "Maritime and Marine Terminology: A Comprehensive Glossary" »

Why Online Shopping Is the Superior Way to Shop

In the modern age of convenience and technology, online shopping has become an increasingly popular way to shop. It stands out as the best method for several compelling reasons:

• Vast Selection: The array of products available at our fingertips is unparalleled. Whether you're looking for the latest fashion trends, rare collectibles, or everyday essentials, online stores offer a seemingly endless selection.
• Effortless Comparison: The ease of comparison shopping allows consumers to find the best deals and prices, often with just a few clicks. This not only saves money but also significant time and effort.
• Unmatched Convenience: Shopping from the comfort of your own home, avoiding crowded stores and long

Business Structures, Strategies, and Restructuring

Company Structure

A company is a separate legal entity, possessing the same rights as a person. This includes the ability to incur debt, sue, and be sued.

Partnership Structure

A partnership involves multiple individuals who conduct business together.

Business Strategies

A business strategy is a plan to achieve specific objectives. These strategies can be generic or competitive.

Generic Strategies

• Growth: Introducing new products or adding new features (e.g., phone companies).
• Product Differentiation: Creating a competitive advantage through superior quality or service (e.g., air purifiers with superior engineering design).
• Price-Skimming: Initially charging high prices for a product and then lowering

Key Elements of Integrative Entrepreneurship

Five Key Elements

• Environmental Opportunities
• Entrepreneurial Individuals
• Organizational Context
• Unique Business Concepts
• Resources

Integrative Model of Entrepreneurial Inputs and Outputs

Inputs

• The Entrepreneurial Process: Identify Opportunity; Access and Acquire Necessary Resources; Implementation
• Entrepreneurial Intensity (EI): Number of Events and Degree of Entrepreneurship (Innovation, Risk-Taking, Proactiveness)

Outputs

• A Going Venture
• Value Creation
• New Products, Services, Processes, and Technologies
• Profits or Personal Benefits
• Employment, Asset, and Revenue Growth

12 Key Elements of Entrepreneurship

1. Drive to Achieve: The motivation to reach a desired goal.
2. Determination and Perseverance: Avoiding failure by

Chapter 1

Three Characteristics of Organizations

• Organizations have distinct purposes (goals).
• Goals can only be achieved through people. An organization’s people make decisions and engage in work activities to make the goals a reality.
• Organizations develop a systematic structure that defines and limits the behavior of its members, e.g., rules and regulations, job descriptions, work teams.

Organizations are collections of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety of goals and desired future outcomes.

Goal of organizations: Profit, survival, interest. Different interest groups in the organization may have different goals.

Organizations exist because they reduce transaction costs (search costs, negotiation costs,... Continue reading "Organizational Characteristics and Management Essentials" »

Consumer Decision-Making and Beyond

Levels of Consumer Decision-Making

There are three primary levels of consumer decision-making:

• Extensive Problem-Solving: Consumers have not established criteria for evaluating a product category or specific brands.
• Limited Problem-Solving: Consumers already have established the basic criteria for evaluating the product category and the various brands in the category.
• Routinized Response Behavior: Consumers have experience with the product category and a well-established set of criteria with which to evaluate the brands they are considering.

Models of Consumers: Four Views of Decision-Making

• An Economic View
• A Passive View
• A Cognitive View
• An Emotional View

All depict consumers and their decision-making processes in... Continue reading "Understanding Consumer Decision-Making Processes" »

Competitors

Let’s continue with competitors. There are several high-quality Airbnb competitors with networks and websites similar to Airbnb. For example: Tripping, HomoToGo, or HomeAway.

The competition in this sector is constantly growing because there is still a huge market for this kind of business. While in the past, the traditional form of accommodation for those who traveled was hotels, the new trends are more personal and exclusive.

Why Choose Us?

We are the first in the market. We are cheaper than others and offer more freedom. Using Airbnb, you meet people. It is more economical, and it keeps you active. We have a wide selection: single rooms, apartments, houseboats, etc. Listings are free because hosts don’t have to pay to list their... Continue reading "Airbnb: Competitors, Statistics, and Growth Analysis" »

Dominant vs. Subculture in Organizations

Organizational culture is the shared perception held by its members. A dominant culture reflects the core values of the majority. Subcultures develop in larger organizations, reflecting common issues or experiences within specific groups or departments. Subcultures include the dominant culture's core values, plus unique values specific to their department. If organizations were only composed of subcultures, the power of organizational culture would be diminished. The 'shared meaning' aspect of culture is what makes it a powerful tool for shaping behavior.

Characteristics of a Strong Culture

A strong culture directly impacts organizational outcomes due to high agreement on what the organization represents.... Continue reading "Organizational Culture: Dominant, Sub, and Types" »