Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Training and Employment Advise

English Grammar Summary

Unit 1: Verb Tenses and Structures

• Present Simple: (e.g., I sing). Affirmative: Subj + Inf (+s for 3rd person). Negative: Subj + don't/doesn't + Verb. Interrogative: Do/Does + Subj + Verb?
• Present Continuous: (e.g., I am singing). Affirmative: Subj + am/is/are + Verb-ing. Negative: Subj + am not/isn't/aren't + Verb-ing. Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + Subj + Verb-ing?
• Past Simple: (e.g., I played). Affirmative: Subj + Verb-ed. Negative: Subj + didn't + Verb. Interrogative: Did + Subj + Verb?
• Past Continuous: (e.g., I was playing). Affirmative: Subj + was/were + Verb-ing. Negative: Subj + wasn't/weren't + Verb-ing. Interrogative: Was/Were + Subj + Verb-ing?
• Present Perfect Simple: (e.g., I have bought). Affirmative: Subj + have/

Fun Activities

• Play Basketball
• Go Skateboarding
• Play the Guitar
• Do Crafts - Fer Artesania
• Go Bowling - Anar a Jugar a Bitlles
• Read Comics
• Play Board Games

Jobs

• Doctor
• Scientist
• Hairdresser
• Lifeguard
• Waiter/Waitress
• Construction Worker
• Businesswoman/Businessman
• Police Officer
• Postal Worker
• Shop Assistant
• Taxi Driver

Vehicles

• Bus
• Train - Tren
• Lorry - Camió
• Tram - Tramvia
• Ferry - Ferri

Geographical Features

• Coast
• Beach
• Lake
• Valley
• Waterfall

Electronic Devices

• Digital Camera
• Remote Control - Comandament a Distància
• Camcorder - Càmera de Vídeo
• MP3 Player
• Netbook

Leisure Activities

• Chess - Escacs
• Computer Games - Jocs d'Ordinador
• Cooking
• Cycling
• Dancing
• Drawing
• Fashion - Moda
• Films - Pel·lícules
• Keeping Fit - Mantenir-se en Forma
• Magazines - Revistes
• Music
• Photography
• Sport
• The Internet

Suffixes:

Common English Phrasal Verbs

• To break up with: End a relationship.
• To bring about: To cause to happen (health, wealth, good fortune).
• To build up: To draw.
• To carry on: To continue.
• To carry out: To conduct.
• To catch up: Reach the same level.
• To cheer somebody up: Make somebody happy.
• To come out: To appear, to be seen.
• To come around: To change one's mind, to change one's opinion, agree.
• To come down on: To scold or punish.
• To come up: Appear (on the computer screen), happen, or arise.
• To come up against: Chocarse con.
• To come up with: To produce or supply (an idea, a plan).
• To come to (someone): Remember or recall.
• To come about: To happen.
• To come across: To find.
• To come down with: To become sick.
• To come off: Work.
• To cut back on: Reduce.
• To cut down: Reduce.

Personality Adjectives

• Bad-tempered: Malhumorat
• Calm: Calmat
• Confident: Segur, Confiat
• Creative: Creatiu
• Cheerful: Feliç, Alegre
• Disorganized: Desorganitzat
• Easy-going: Fàcil de Tractar
• Generous: Generós
• Helpful: Útil
• Independent: Independent
• Irritable: Irritable
• Moody: Deprimit
• Outgoing: Extrovertit
• Patient: Pacient
• Reliable: Fiable
• Selfish: Egoista
• Sensible: Prudent, Sensat
• Shy: Tímid
• Stubborn: Tossut
• Talkative: Parlador

Phrasal Verbs

• Let down: Decebre
• Pick on: Ficar-se amb algú
• Split up: Separar-se, Deixar-ho
• Get over: Recuperar-se
• Stand by: Recolzar
• Run into: Xocar amb algú
• Take after: Assemblar-se
• Ask out: Demanar per sortir

Reporting Verbs

• Complain + to somebody + about something: Queixar-se, Reclamar
• Apologize + for + _ing: Disculpar-se
• Offer + to + verb: Oferir
• Admit

Verb Tenses and Forms

PreS - 1º / s - p - are + 3º column. Present Continuous (PC) - to be + -ing. Past Simple (PastS) - 2º - P - to be past + 3º. Past Continuous (PastC) - to be past + -ing - P - to be past + -ing + 3º. Future (Futu) - will + infinitive - P - will be + 3º. Be going to (BeGT) - be going to – P - are going to + be + 3º. Present Perfect (PrePer) - have/has + 3º - P - have + been + 3º. Past Perfect (PastP) - had + 3º - P - had been + 3º.

Conditionals: First, Second and Third

• 1st conditional: IF + subject + verb (present) / subject + WILL + INFINITIVE.
• 2nd conditional: IF + subject + verb (past) / subject + WOULD + INFINITIVE.
• 3rd conditional: IF + subject + past perfect (had + past participle) / subject + WOULD + HAVE

Control System: Sistema de control HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and Office buildings such asskyscrapers. Intercom: intercomunicador.Master panel: panel principal.Motion detection: detector de Movimiento.Motorized valvevs: Valvulas motorizadas. Shading: Sombreado Billing cicle:ciclo de Facturacion.Watts: vatios Rocket:cohete Transponders:transpondedores.Printed Circuit board: placa de circuito impreso.

PROS CONTRAS MOVIL:Mobile phones are becoming increasingly popular Nowadays.Everbody has one or more mobiles. It is very important role in our Lives. Young people usually feel they cannot live without their mobile.On the One hand, mobile phones are very practical in many everday life situations. You Save a lot of... Continue reading "The Impact of Technology on Modern Life: A Comprehensive Analysis" »

Plurales:

IZ Irregular: s, z, ure, ch, j, ge, ji  S Voiceless: p, t, k, f, th (suena z), k  Z voiced: resto de sonidos

Pasados:

ID irregular: t, d  T voiceless: p, k , es, s, sh, f  D voiced: resto de sonidos

Consonantes

η: nk, ng θ: th suena z  d: th suena d  ζ: sh ʒ: sure + ζ: ch dʒ: j, ge, gi

Vocales:

/i:/  i larga: ee, ea, ie, ei /I/ I larga: i , y /u:/ u larga: oo, vocal + cons.+e /u/ corta: u, ou / ): / o larga: or, ar, all o /D/ o corta: o /a:/ a larga: ast, alf / λ/ a con la boca grande: u, o /ae/ a monosílabos: siempre a / Ȝ:/ e larga, en silaba acentuada: e, i, a u + r /e/ e normal: e /d/e para determinantes: the

Pasiva:

Pres. sim: am/ is/are v-ed Pre. Cont: am / is/ are being v-ed Pas. Sim.: was/were v-ed Pas. Cont: was/were... Continue reading "English Grammar Rules and Conjugations" »

Animal Farm: A Summary

The Rebellion

At Manor Farm, owned by the neglectful Mr. Jones, the animals lived in discontent. Inspired by Old Major's dream of freedom, they planned a rebellion led by the pigs Snowball and Napoleon. When Mr. Jones failed to feed them, the animals revolted, expelling him and his workers. The farm was renamed Animal Farm, and seven commandments were established.

The Rise of Napoleon

Initially, the rebellion thrived. However, the pigs, particularly Napoleon, began to assert dominance. Napoleon, aided by the persuasive pig Squealer, implemented rations favoring the pigs. When Jones attempted to reclaim the farm, Snowball's tactics led the animals to victory in the Battle of the Cowshed. Later, Napoleon, opposed to Snowball'... Continue reading "Animal Farm: A Tale of Rebellion and Betrayal" »

A. Meeting Arrangements and Business Communication

I'm writing to arrange a time for the meeting next week. We had arranged a meeting for tomorrow to discuss our business plans. Following conversations with our distributors. Following a meeting of the board, it has been decided to cut our training budget. Due to the suggestions that our staff gave us, we have decided to promote this fact.

B. Requests and Apologies

I would be grateful if you could give us a sample information or send us details of your services. We would be pleased if you could inform us about how... I wonder if you could tell me what time. I apologize again for the changes, and I hope we can meet in the near future. If you are interested in working with us, please contact me at... Continue reading "Essential Business English Phrases and Grammar Tips" »