English Verb Tenses and Grammar Structures Summary

English Grammar Summary

Unit 1: Verb Tenses and Structures

• Present Simple: (e.g., I sing). Affirmative: Subj + Inf (+s for 3rd person). Negative: Subj + don't/doesn't + Verb. Interrogative: Do/Does + Subj + Verb?
• Present Continuous: (e.g., I am singing). Affirmative: Subj + am/is/are + Verb-ing. Negative: Subj + am not/isn't/aren't + Verb-ing. Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + Subj + Verb-ing?
• Past Simple: (e.g., I played). Affirmative: Subj + Verb-ed. Negative: Subj + didn't + Verb. Interrogative: Did + Subj + Verb?
• Past Continuous: (e.g., I was playing). Affirmative: Subj + was/were + Verb-ing. Negative: Subj + wasn't/weren't + Verb-ing. Interrogative: Was/Were + Subj + Verb-ing?
• Present Perfect Simple: (e.g., I have bought). Affirmative: Subj + have/has + Past Participle. Negative: Subj + haven't/hasn't + Past Participle. Interrogative: Have/Has + Subj + Past Participle?
• Present Perfect Continuous: (e.g., I have been buying). Affirmative: Subj + have/has + been + Past Participle. Negative: Subj + haven't/hasn't + been + Past Participle. Interrogative: Have/Has + Subj + been + Past Participle?

Unit 2: Advanced Grammar and Usage

• Past Simple vs. Past Continuous: Use when for Past Simple; use while for Past Continuous.
• Past Simple vs. Present Perfect: Use Past Simple for specific times (ago, when). Use Present Perfect for unspecified times (since, for, already, yet, never, ever, just, still, how long?).
• Past Perfect Simple: (e.g., I had played). Affirmative: Subj + had + Past Participle. Negative: Subj + hadn't + Past Participle. Interrogative: Had + Subj + Past Participle?
• Used To: (e.g., I used to play). Affirmative: Subj + used to + Verb. Negative: Subj + didn't use to + Verb. Interrogative: Did + Subj + use to + Verb?

Unit 3: Future Forms

• Will: Predictions, opinions, spontaneous decisions, and offers (think, sure).
• To Be + Going To: Plans, intentions, and evidence.
• Future with Present Continuous: Confirmed arrangements (e.g., "We are practicing survival skills next weekend").
• Future with Present Simple: Fixed schedules (e.g., "The flight leaves at six").
• Future Continuous: Actions in progress at a future time (e.g., "This time next week I will be watching TV"). Structure: Will be + Verb-ing.
• Future Perfect: Actions completed before a future point (e.g., "By this time next week you will have done your homework"). Structure: Will + have + Past Participle.