Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Training and Employment Advise

English Grammar Practice

I. Conditional Sentences

• If I were taller...
• She wouldn't have left.
• If they invite me, I will go.
• If you study...
• I would call him if I had time.
• If they had listened, they wouldn't have made a mistake.
• If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel.
• 8. Had mentioned / Would have had
• 9. Had / Would quit
• 10. Had heard / Would have picked

II. Passive Voice

Change Passive Sentences into Active

• Prompt: All tickets have already been booked.
  Response: "Someone has already booked all the tickets."
• Prompt: Delicious meals are cooked by the chef every day.
  Response: "The chef cooks delicious meals every day."
• Prompt: The movie had already been watched by millions when it was released online.
  Response: "Millions had already watched the movie when it was

Saving Lives on Bikes

Emergency Response Analysis

• A3: TRUE – “Allows him to reach places that normal emergency vehicles cannot access.”
• A4: FALSE – “Cycle responders are becoming increasingly common in crowded cities, pedestrian areas, shopping centres, and outdoor events.”
• A5: TRUE – “Bike ambulances fitted with trailers are used to transport patients from remote villages to distant hospitals and clinics.”
• A6: FALSE – “Bike ambulances are made using local materials and by local workers.”

Vocabulary and Synonyms

• A7.1: “Enables” – allows
• A7.2: “Benefits” – advantages
• A8.1: “Far away from developed places” – remote
• A8.2: “An organisation that…” – charity

Grammar Practice

• B1: He isn't old enough to drive a

Causative Verbs: Have and Get + Object + V3

Affirmative Structures

This section details the use of have and get followed by an object and the past participle (V3) across various tenses to express actions done for someone by another person.

1. Verb Tenses

will have taken // had never seen // has been typing // will stay // is flying // was feeding // floats // will be waiting // met

2. Indefinite Pronouns

something // nobody // everyone // anything // anywhere

3. Pronouns and Possessives

his // him // mine // me // her // us // our // themselves // its // mine

4. Gerunds and Infinitives

shouting // to feed // smoking // to study // playing // getting up // working // to go

5. Conditional Sentences

• If I had had your phone, I would have called you.
• If you study hard, you will get good marks.
• If I hadn't advised you, you would have bought that house.
• If she hadn't driven too fast, she wouldn't have had an accident.

6. Passive Voice

A lot of money has been given to him // He has been given a lot... Continue reading "English Grammar Exercises and Key Concepts" »

Reported Speech: Verb Tense Changes

1. Present Simple to Past Simple
   • Direct: I work in Paris
   • Indirect: He said he worked in Paris
2. Present Continuous to Past Continuous
   • Direct: I am working
   • Indirect: He said he was working
3. Past Simple to Past Perfect
   • Direct: I worked
   • Indirect: He said he had worked
4. Past Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous
   • Direct: I was working
   • Indirect: He said he had been working
5. Present Perfect to Past Perfect
   • Direct: I have worked
   • Indirect: He said he had worked
6. Present Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous
   • Direct: I have been working
   • Indirect: He said he had been working
7. Past Perfect: No Change
   • Direct: I had worked
   • Indirect: He said he had worked
8. Past Perfect Continuous: No Change
   • Direct: I had been working
   • Indirect: He said he had been

Vocabulary

Prefixes

• re/over/under: overeat, reshape, overspend, overproduce, undercook, redesign, resend
• anti/inter/multi/over/pro: inter/over/proactive, multicolored, prodemocracy, overeat, multiethnic, intergalactic, antiglobalization, multi/international, overproduce, multipurpose, antisocial, overspend, multistorey, anti/protechnology
• Negative prefixes: disobedient, disorganized, illegal, illiterate, immoral, impatient, inadequate, incredible, irrelevant, irresponsible, unbelievable, unhelpful, unsafe.

Other

• Inspired: inspirado
• Innovative: innovado
• Replaced: reemplazado
• Discover: descubierto
• Developed: desenvolvido
• Invented: inventado
• Observed: observado
• Researched: buscado
• Created: creado
• Designed: diseñado
• Adapted: adaptado
• Genre of films: adventure,

Essential Money Vocabulary

Income (Ingresos)

Money that you receive, usually from working.

Allowance (Prestación / Paga)

An amount of money you receive regularly to buy the things you need.

Savings (Ahorros)

Money that you have reserved so that you can use it later.

Live on (Vivir con lo suficiente)

To have a particular amount of money to buy the things that you need to live.

Repay the debt (Pagar la deuda)

To give someone money that you have borrowed from them.

Debit card (Tarjeta de débito)

A plastic card given by a bank that you use for paying for things (linked directly to your bank balance).

Donate (Donar / Donativo)

To give money or goods to an organization, especially a charity.

Small change (Monedas pequeñas de cambio)

Coins of low value.

Beg (Rogar

Passive Voice

The Causative

Present Continuous

Vocabulary

• Hobbies: Chess (ajedrez), collecting things (coleccionar cosas), drawing (dibujo).
• Emotions: Annoyed (enfadado), embarrassed (vergüenza), excited (emocionado), frightened (asustado), jealous (celoso), pleased (contento), upset (disgustado).
• Places: Chemist's (farmacia), jeweller's (joyería), newsagent's (quiosco), post office (oficina de correos), shoe shop (zapatería).
• Chores: Clean the floor (limpiar el suelo), do the cooking (cocinar), do the ironing (planchar), do the shopping (hacer la compra), do the washing (hacer la colada), hoover the carpets (pasar

Essential English Vocabulary

Transport Terminology

• capable of - capaz de
• come up with - proponer
• get around - moverse
• high speed - alta velocidad
• hop on - subirse a
• load - carga
• long-distance - de larga distancia
• network - red
• reach - alcanzar
• risky - arriesgado
• run on - funcionar con
• set up - construir
• ship - enviar
• standard of living - nivel de vida
• steam - de vapor
• time-consuming - que requiere mucho tiempo
• track - vía

Nature & Outdoors Vocabulary

• berry - baya
• branch - rama
• cave - cueva
• crop - cosecha
• dawn - amanecer
• dig - cavar
• get away from it all - escapar de todo
• head for - ir a
• nut - fruto seco
• pick - coger
• root - raíz
• seed - semilla
• soil - tierra
• sunrise - salida del sol
• sunset - puesta de sol
• tide - marea
• trunk - tronco
• wave - ola
• woods - bosque

Environmental Terms