English Grammar Exercises and Key Concepts

1. Verb Tenses

will have taken // had never seen // has been typing // will stay // is flying // was feeding // floats // will be waiting // met

2. Indefinite Pronouns

something // nobody // everyone // anything // anywhere

3. Pronouns and Possessives

his // him // mine // me // her // us // our // themselves // its // mine

4. Gerunds and Infinitives

shouting // to feed // smoking // to study // playing // getting up // working // to go

5. Conditional Sentences

• If I had had your phone, I would have called you.
• If you study hard, you will get good marks.
• If I hadn't advised you, you would have bought that house.
• If she hadn't driven too fast, she wouldn't have had an accident.

6. Passive Voice

A lot of money has been given to him // He has been given a lot of money.
This machine must be cleaned twice a week.
It's said that he is a peculiar man // He is said to be a very peculiar man.
Nadal was reported to have won the game by the journalists // It's reported that Nadal won the game.

7. Relative Clauses

The man, who was wearing a raincoat, came into the shop.
That girl, whose horse won the Derby the week before, is Sally.
The building you can see in front of you is the town hall.
The street where I live is called Descartes Street.
My mother, who has worked as a housewife, is 78.

8. Reported Speech

He told me not to disturb him.
She apologized for not telling us the truth the day before.
He asked me if I could open the window.
Tom said he had never accused us.
He asked why we weren't coming the next day.

9. Writing Practice: Vigo

Vigo is the city where I have lived all my life. I remember going to the beach when I was a child. I think it is worth living here, although there aren't parks and it's a too noisy city. Despite these problems, I like living here. It's said that Vigo will have a new hospital in three years.

10. Advanced Grammar Structures

He wasn't tall enough to reach the window.
I will have my kitchen painted next Saturday.
We don't have to stay up late.
In spite of the fact they started work early, they couldn't finish it.
That's the most beautiful sunset I've ever seen.

Future Perfect Simple

Structure: Subject + will + have + past participle (e.g., I'll have finished lunch by three o'clock).
Used with by to talk about actions completed at a specific moment in the future.

Third Conditional

Structure: If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
Used for hypothetical past situations that did not happen.

Causative Form

Have/get + direct object + past participle.

Reported Speech Rules

Tense shifts: Present → Past; Present Continuous → Past Continuous; Past Simple → Past Perfect; Present Perfect → Past Perfect; Will → Would; Can → Could; Must → Had to.
Time/Place shifts: here → there; this → that; these → those; now → then; next week → the following week; today → that day; tomorrow → the following day; yesterday → the day before.