Essential English Grammar Tenses and Vocabulary

Present Continuous

Vocabulary

• Hobbies: Chess (ajedrez), collecting things (coleccionar cosas), drawing (dibujo).
• Emotions: Annoyed (enfadado), embarrassed (vergüenza), excited (emocionado), frightened (asustado), jealous (celoso), pleased (contento), upset (disgustado).
• Places: Chemist's (farmacia), jeweller's (joyería), newsagent's (quiosco), post office (oficina de correos), shoe shop (zapatería).
• Chores: Clean the floor (limpiar el suelo), do the cooking (cocinar), do the ironing (planchar), do the shopping (hacer la compra), do the washing (hacer la colada), hoover the carpets (pasar la aspiradora), make your bed (hacer la cama), take the rubbish out (sacar la basura), tidy your room (ordenar la habitación), wash the dishes (lavar los platos).
• Personality: Cheerful (alegre), hard-working (trabajador), loud (ruidoso), shy (tímido), confident (con confianza), funny (divertido), lazy (perezoso), mean (tacaño), moody (de mal carácter), nasty (travieso).

Present Simple

Adverbs of Frequency

• Always (siempre), hardly ever (casi nunca), never (nunca), often (a menudo), sometimes (a veces), usually (en general). Example: We never play computer games.

Past Simple

Verb To Be (Past): I was, you were, she was, we were, you were, they were.

Past Continuous

Adverbs and Modals

• Adverbs: Quick (quickly), noisy (noisily).
• Have to: Used for obligation.
• Some/Any: Use some for affirmative sentences and any for negative sentences and questions.