English Reported Speech Rules and Vocabulary

Classified in Training and Employment Advise

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Reported Speech: Verb Tense Changes

  1. Present Simple to Past Simple
    • Direct: I work in Paris
    • Indirect: He said he worked in Paris
  2. Present Continuous to Past Continuous
    • Direct: I am working
    • Indirect: He said he was working
  3. Past Simple to Past Perfect
    • Direct: I worked
    • Indirect: He said he had worked
  4. Past Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous
    • Direct: I was working
    • Indirect: He said he had been working
  5. Present Perfect to Past Perfect
    • Direct: I have worked
    • Indirect: He said he had worked
  6. Present Perfect Continuous to Past Perfect Continuous
    • Direct: I have been working
    • Indirect: He said he had been working
  7. Past Perfect: No Change
    • Direct: I had worked
    • Indirect: He said he had worked
  8. Past Perfect Continuous: No Change
    • Direct: I had been working
    • Indirect: He said he had been working

Time References in Reported Speech

  • Now - Then
  • Today - That day
  • Here - There
  • This - That
  • This week - That week
  • Tomorrow - The following/next day
  • Next week - The following/next week
  • Yesterday - The previous day
  • Ago - Before
  • Two days ago - Two days before
  • Tonight - That night
  • Last Saturday - The previous Saturday
  • Next Saturday - The following/next Saturday

Other Verb Forms

  • Will to Would
    • Direct: I will work
    • Indirect: He said he would work
  • Can to Could
    • Direct: I can sing
    • Indirect: He said he could sing
  • Must to Had to
    • Direct: I must work
    • Indirect: He said he had to work
  • May to Might
    • Direct: May I help you?
    • Indirect: He asked if he might help me
  • Shall to Should
    • Direct: What shall I do?
    • Indirect: He asked what he should do

Media and Descriptive Vocabulary

  • Celebrity influencer: Influencer famós
  • Clickbait: Clickbait (cebo de clics)
  • Conspiracy theory: Teoria de la conspiració
  • Current affairs: Assumptes actuals
  • Fake news: Notícies falses
  • Media outlet: Mitjà de comunicació
  • Newsfeed: Feed de notícies
  • Paywall: Mur de pagament
  • Social media platform: Plataforma de xarxes socials
  • Visual medium: Mitjà visual
  • Absolutely delighted: Absolutament encantat
  • Completely different: Completament diferent
  • Highly unlikely: Altament improbable
  • Incredibly friendly: Increïblement amigable
  • Ridiculously easy: Ridículament fàcil
  • Extremely weird: Extremadament estrany

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