Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Teaching & Education for Baccalaureate

Managerial roles: Interpersonal role: Figurehead, leader, liaison, Informational role: Monitor, disseminator, spokesman, Decisional role: Entrepreneur, Troubleshooter, Resource Allocator, negotiator.

The Vroom and Yetton Approach: Leadership theory that provides a set of rules for determining the form and amount of individual or participatory decision making in different situations. Leading model participation: Autocratic A1: The manager decides using available information. Autocratic A2: Manager gets information from the subordinate and decides. Consultative C1: The problem is shared with each subordinate, Consultative C2: The decision may or may not reflect the influence of the subordinates. Collaborative G2: The problem is shared with the... Continue reading "Managerial Roles and Decision-Making Models" »

Conditionals

• First Conditional: If + present simple, future. Example: "If he scores this penalty, they will win the match." Describes possible or probable future actions.
• Unless: Used to replace "if...not".
• Second Conditional: If + past simple, would + verb. Example: "If they scored ten goals in the final match, they would win the league." Describes imaginary or unlikely actions.
• Third Conditional: If + past perfect, would have + past participle. Example: "If he had scored, they would have won the match." Describes past situations that did not happen and their potential consequences.

Additional Conditional Connectors

• Even if: Used as a more formal alternative to "if".
• As long as / Providing: Used to replace "but only if".

Reported Speech

Examples:

• "Where

Understanding Key Linguistic Concepts

Fundamentals of Language

• Language: The human capacity to communicate, transmit knowledge, and express thoughts. It encompasses various functions:
  • Emotional: Expressing feelings (e.g., "Visca!").
  • Conative: Influencing the listener (e.g., "Compte!").
  • Phatic: Establishing or maintaining communication (e.g., "Hello?").
  • Aesthetic: Focusing on the form of the message (e.g., poetry).
  • Referential: Conveying information about the world.
  • Metalinguistic: Language used to discuss language itself.
• Meaning (Signified): The concept or mental image associated with a word.
• Signifier: The written or spoken form of a word.
• Situational Context: A heterogeneous collection of extra-communicative factors and circumstances that significantly

Linguistic Definitions and Discourse Competence

Text: A linguistic configuration consisting of a set of linguistic elements organized by rules of construction. Speech: The broadcast of a concrete text on a given occasion.

• Discourse Competence: The ability to use code in certain situations.
• Constructional Competence: Knowledge of the code, components, and the rules system that constitutes the tongue.
• Social Communication Competence: Includes both constructional and discursive elements.

Theories of Language and Enunciation

Key theorists include Saussure (focusing on the tongue/language) and Chomsky (focusing on competence). Van Dijk describes the text as the maximum unit of sentence description.

Text and its Enunciation

1. Step 1: Prayer-text.
2. Step 2: Form-

Essential English Vocabulary

Personality Vocabulary (English to Spanish)

• Innocence → Inocencia
• Sensitivity → Sensibilidad
• Shy → Tímido/a
• Self-conscious → Cohibido/a
• Confident → Seguro/a de sí mismo/a
• Frustration → Frustración
• Assertive → Asertivo/a
• Nervous → Nervioso/a
• Defensive → A la defensiva
• Openness → Apertura
• Aggressive → Agresivo/a
• Impatient → Impaciente

Actions and Gestures Vocabulary

• Wave → Saludar con la mano / Agitar la mano
• Catch their eye → Llamar su atención / Cruzar miradas
• Hold hands → Tomarse de la mano / Agarrarse de la mano
• Interrupt → Interrumpir
• Apologize → Disculparse / Pedir perdón
• Answer your mobile phone → Contestar el móvil / teléfono
• Kiss → Besar
• Touch → Tocar
• Shaking hands → Dar la mano

English Vocabulary Review

Adjective Opposites and Translations

Work and Employment Vocabulary

Key terms related to employment:

• Dismissal/Firing: be dismissed/sacked, be made redundant, be out of work
• Leaving/Starting:

Professional Profile: Hans Fiser

Full name: Hans Fiser
Occupation: Engineer
Employer: Farmakon
Leisure activity: Scuba diving

Background Information

• Origin: Germany
• Current Workplace: Farmakon International
• Tenure: 8 years
• Daily Responsibilities: Designs, builds, and tests robots for packing lines.

Curriculum Vitae: Hans Fiser

1. Robotics Engineer
2. Designed, built, and tested 7 pilot robots for packing lines
3. Farmakon International GmbH
4. Pharmaceutical manufacturing
5. Bachelor of Engineering in Mechatronics
6. Robotics
7. University of Applied Sciences, Germany
8. Apprentice technician

Professional Profile: Reme Gomez

Name: Reme Gomez
Present job: Junior technician
Years in present job: 4 years
Years in apprenticeship: 3 years
Qualification: Certificate of junior technician competence
When

Special Events: Purpose and Goals

Special events encompass rituals, presentations, performances, and celebrations designed to commemorate specific occasions and achieve social, cultural, or corporate goals.

Government Perspective on Events

Governments utilize event strategies to guide their involvement, prioritize initiatives, and facilitate decision-making. They establish dedicated spaces for public events and often integrate these events with national anniversaries and celebrations. Key objectives include staff training, network development, and public communication.

Levels of Government Involvement

• National Government: Organizes major celebrations of national significance, international political and economic events (e.g., Commonwealth events)

Gun Control

The Debate on Teachers Carrying Guns

After the incident that happened in Florida last February, Donald Trump proposed that teachers should carry guns in schools. Is this the best solution?

I think it is one of the worst ideas he could have suggested. Both teachers and students could be affected, regardless of age, as it depends on the individual's mindset.

Despite the occurrence of many crimes like this, I cannot understand why some people support the sale of weapons.

Nevertheless, there are people who are beginning to speak out against it, and this is a positive development.

The Need for Stricter Gun Laws

The first step we should take is to ban the sale of weapons worldwide. If we achieve this, things will change.

Feminism

The #MeToo Movement

This... Continue reading "Social Issues in the 21st Century: Gun Control, Feminism, and Immigration" »