Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Teaching & Education for Baccalaureate

Indefinite Pronouns and Usage

No- (nada/nadie/ningún sitio) vs. Any- (cualquier cosa/cualquier persona/cualquier sitio). Note: Anything, anyone, and anybody can also mean 'nada' or 'nadie' in negative contexts.

General Vocabulary and Concepts

• Everything/Everyone/Everybody: Third-person singular.
• The same as: Mismo/igual.
• Similar to: Parecido.
• Different: Diferente.

Common False Friends

• Carpet: Alfombra
• Folder: Carpeta
• Address: Dirección
• Direction: Indicación
• Factory: Fábrica
• Fabric: Tela
• Current: Actual
• Actual: Real
• Actually: De hecho

Existence and Manner

Existence (Hay/No hay)

• Singular: There is / There was
• Plural: There are / There were

Manner (Forma)

• This way, in a... way, in the way (the way in which), this is the way.

Verb Patterns

• Gerund (-ing): Used after

Main Linguistic Trends

The primary linguistic trends include Traditional Linguistics, Structuralism, Generativism, and Pragmatics.

• Traditional Linguistics: Studies the origins, roots, and characteristics of languages.
• Structuralism: Focuses on the form of language rather than communicative aspects.
• Generativism: Posits that language is creative; grammatical transformation rules govern the production of an infinite number of sentences.
• Pragmatics: Focuses on effective communication.

Linguistic Paradigms of the 20th Century

There are three main linguistic paradigms from the 20th century: Structuralism, Generativism, and Pragmatics.

Structuralism and Behaviorism

Behaviorism is rooted in the structuralist trend. Its main characteristics include children'... Continue reading "Key Linguistic Paradigms and Language Teaching Methods" »

The initial challenge for novice teachers is to acquire the basic classroom skills needed to present and navigate their lessons. Teaching from this perspective is an act of performance, and for a teacher to be able to carry herself through the lesson, she has to have a repertoire of techniques and routines at her fingertips. These include routines and procedure for such things as:

• Opening the lesson
• Introducing and explaining tasks
• Setting up learning arrangements
• Checking students’ understanding
• Guiding student practice
• Monitoring students’ language use
• Making transitions from one task to another
• Ending the lesson

What we normally mean by the term teacher training refers to instruction in basic classroom skills such as these, often linked to a... Continue reading "Effective Classroom Skills for Novice Teachers" »

INEBI is to use English while you work other subject's content. It is related to CLIL And communication. Inebi introduces English to 4 years pupils.

Inebi has two aims:

1.To improve the pupil’s competence

2.To improve the teacher’s teaching Practise

Language Is considered a communication tool and learned by using it in interactive Situations and integrating contents. Besides, to communicate in English Sometimes use the children mother tongue.

The Teacher proposed cognitive challenges to foster intrinsic Motivation and find a balance between accuracy and fluency.

Pupil’s Autonomy is searched by involving learners in content Decisions (for example, the planning)

The Didactic units contain 4 parts:

1.Introduction

2.Activity sequence

3.Appendix

4.

Essential English Vocabulary

Leisure Activities & General Terms

• Ballet classes: clases de ballet
• Doing sport: fent esport
• Free time: temps lliure
• Go out: sortir
• Good at: bo en
• Graffiti artist: graffiter
• Learning to play: aprenent a tocar
• Play: jugar
• Spending time with my friends: passar temps amb els meus amics
• Spray paint: pintura en aerosol
• Chatting: xatejar
• Cooking: cuinar
• Doing crossword puzzles: fer encreuats
• Doing photography: fer fotos
• Drawing: dibuixar
• Hiking: senderisme
• Painting: pintar
• Playing cards: jugar cartes
• Playing chess: jugar escacs
• Playing ice hockey: jugar a hoquei sobre gel
• Playing table football: jugar a futbolí
• Surfing the Net: navegar per la xarxa
• Match: relacionar
• Point out: assenyalar
• Remove: treure
• Involved: implicats
• Doubt: dubte
• Catch:

Narrative Techniques in Angela Vicario's Story

There are also parallels in the construction of sentences ("started beating me," "I began to remember," followed by "weighing," "kept thinking," "when he heard the screaming... And his mother came..."). We have already discussed how repeated words really count. There is also a gradation in the intensity of Angela's feelings, culminating in her real misfortune—her love for Bayardo—as seen in the last paragraph.

Alternating Narration and Description

In the piece, narration and description alternate. The dialogue, known for its brevity, introduces a brisk pace and strengthens Angela's testimony ("It was he."). In the first paragraph, the description of Nasar is highlighted through verbs in the imperfect

Phonological and Syntactic Devices

• Alliteration: The repetition of the same sound in several words within a sentence.
• Onomatopoeia: The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.
• Pun: A play on words, often using different meanings of the same word or similar-sounding words.
• Paronomasia: The use of words that sound similar but have different meanings.
• Anaphora: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
• Asyndeton: The omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence, creating a sense of speed.
• Ellipsis: The omission of words that are grammatically necessary but understood from context.
• Hyperbaton: An alteration of the normal word order in a sentence.
• Parallelism: The repetition of the

The Concept of Text and Its Properties

A text is an upper unit consisting of statements, oral or written, that maintain a relationship. Every text is produced with an intention and within a specific communicative situation. The text presents two primary properties: coherence and cohesion.

Coherence and Cohesion

Coherence gives the text a unit of meaning; the information conforms to a topic, is relevant, and is organized. Cohesion is a relationship between the parts of a text using linguistic elements. To achieve this, you can use different resources:

• Recurrence: The repetition of an item of text within the text itself. The elements that achieve the cohesion of the text are lexical recurrence and synonymy.
• Replacement: The repetition of an item using

English Vocabulary: Everyday and Crime Terms

Believe

To think that something is true or right.

Blonde

A woman with yellow or golden hair.

Bump off

(informal) To murder somebody.

Clerk

A person who works in a bank, office, or store.

Closet

(American) A cupboard with a door that you can walk into.

Competition

People who want something that you want too.

Cop

(informal) A police officer.

Crook

(informal) A dishonest person or a criminal.

Cut

(n) A share in something, usually money.

Deal

(n) An agreement about how to do something.

Dick

(informal, American) A detective.

Ex-con

(informal) Someone who has been to prison.

Faint

(n) A kind of "sleep" caused by shock, illness, etc.

Fungus

Something unhealthy that grows on the skin.

Go off

(of a gun) To be fired.

Goldfish

A small orange

Master these key English words, phrases, and idioms, complete with accurate Spanish translations and practical example sentences to enhance your fluency.

Common Phrases and Idioms

• Bored to death: (Muerto de aburrimiento). Example: "I was bored to death."
• Live show: (Actuación en directo). Example: "Tonight is OT's final live show."
• Waste of time: (Pérdida de tiempo). Example: "Colossal waste of time for researchers."
• Have a good time: (Pasar un buen rato). Example: "You seem to know how to have a good time."
• Keep going: (Continuar). Example: "I can't keep going like this."
• (Be) worth it: (Valer la pena). Example: "This trip might not be worth it."
• (Be) good for a laugh: (Bueno para echarse unas risas). Example: "That would be good for a laugh."
• Ahead