Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Idioms

Get away from it all

somewhere peaceful

Off the beaten track

go where other tourists don't

Up close and personal

experiencing something from very near

In the blink of an eye

very quickly

A drop in the ocean

a small amount compared to what is needed

Goes through the roof

rises to a very high level

Go up in smoke

spoiled or wasted (destroyed by fire)

The tide is turning

reversing events

As right as rain

fresco como una rosa

Feeling under the weather

no sentirse bien físicamente

Sleep like a log

dormir como un tronco

Feeling down in the dumps

estar de bajón

As fit as a fiddle

estar como un roble

Out of the blue

suddenly, unexpected

Have blood on their hands

responsible for someone's death

Bitter pill to swallow

an unpleasant fact that has to be accepted

Handed to me

English Connectors & Spanish Translations

• although: aunque
• also: también
• as: como / ya que / mientras
• as well: así también
• as well as: tanto como
• because of: a causa de
• both...and: ambos...y
• consequently: consecuentemente
• despite: a pesar de
• due to: debido a
• either...or: o...o
• even though: aunque
• for: por / para
• furthermore: además
• however: sin embargo
• in addition: además
• in fact: de hecho
• in order to: para
• in spite of: a pesar de
• moreover: además
• neither...nor: ni...ni
• nevertheless: sin embargo / no obstante
• not only...but also: no solo...sino también
• obviously: obviamente
• on the other hand: por otro lado
• or: o
• owing to: debido a
• since: desde / ya que
• so as to: para
• so that: para que
• therefore: por lo tanto
• though: aunque
• to: a / para
• too: también
• unfortunately:

Essential English Phrasal Verbs

Improve your English fluency by learning these common phrasal verbs, complete with their past simple and past participle forms, and Spanish translations. Understanding these verbs is crucial for natural communication.

Go on

• Past Simple: Went on
• Past Participle: Gone on
• Meaning: Partir / continuar

Carry on

• Past Simple: Carried on
• Past Participle: Carried on
• Meaning: Continuar

Carry out

• Past Simple: Carried out
• Past Participle: Carried out
• Meaning: Realizar

Come back

• Past Simple: Came back
• Past Participle: Come back
• Meaning: Volver

Come down

• Past Simple: Came down
• Past Participle: Come down
• Meaning: Descender

Come in

• Past Simple: Came in
• Past Participle: Come in
• Meaning: Entrar

Come out

• Past Simple: Came out
• Past Participle: Come out
• Meaning:

English Grammar Reference: Voice and Speech

Active and Passive Voice Conjugation

The Passive Voice is formed using the verb "to be" + the Past Participle (3rd form or -ed), often followed by (by + agent).

Tense Shifts in Active and Passive Voice

• Present Simple (PS): examines → is examined
• Present Continuous (PC): is examining → is being examined
• Past Simple (Pa.S): examined → was examined
• Past Continuous (Pa.C): was examining → was being examined
• Present Perfect Simple (PPS): has/have examined → has been examined
• Past Perfect Simple (Pa.P.S): had examined → had been examined
• Future Simple (FS): will examine → will be examined

Passive Voice with Modals and Special Structures

• Modals: should examine → should be examined
• Modal Perfect (Mod.

Preguntas de entrevista en español e inglés

Las preguntas siguientes aparecen en español, seguidas de su traducción al inglés. Se han corregido la ortografía, la gramática y la capitalización sin eliminar contenido.

• ¿Por qué solicitaste este puesto?
  Why did you apply to this company for this position?
• ¿Qué titulación o experiencia tienes para este puesto?
  What qualifications or experience do you have that qualify you for this position?
• ¿Cuáles son tus metas a corto y largo plazo?
  What are your short-term and long-term career goals?
• ¿Dónde crees que encajas en esta empresa?
  Where do you see yourself fitting into this company?
• ¿Cómo crees que podrás lograr tus metas?
  How do you believe you will be able to accomplish your career goals

Subject-Verb Agreement: Has vs. Have

• Has: He, She, It
• Have: I, You, We, They

Irregular Verbs: Past Participle List

• be (been), beat (beaten), become (become), begin (begun), bite (bitten), blow (blown), break (broken), bring (brought), build (built), buy (bought), catch (caught), choose (chosen), come (come), cost (cost), cut (cut), do (done), draw (drawn), dream (dreamed/dreamt), drink (drunk), drive (driven), eat (eaten), fall (fallen), feel (felt), fight (fought), find (found), fly (flown), forget (forgotten), forgive (forgiven), get (got), give (given), go (gone), grow (grown), hang (hung), have (had), hear (heard), hide (hidden), hit (hit), hold (held), hurt (hurt), keep (kept), know (known), learn (learned/learnt), leave (left), lend (lent)

Mary Maloney at the Start of the Story

1. How would you describe Mary at the beginning of the story? ¿Cómo describirías a Mary al comienzo de la historia?

There was a slow smiling air about her, and about everything she did. The drop of her head as she bent over her sewing was curiously tranquil. Her skin—for this was her sixth month with child—had acquired a wonderful translucent quality; the mouth was soft, and the eyes, with their new placid look, seemed larger and darker than before.

Mary's Feelings for Her Husband

2. In general, how does the woman feel about her husband? Do you think she is in love with him? Look for 3 things that show she is in love with him. En general, ¿cómo se siente la mujer con respecto a su esposo? ¿Crees

approach:hablar con..accurate:preciso autogrpah:autografo accuse of:acusar de apply for/to: solicitar arrive at/it: llegar a affluent:adinerado available:disponible access:acceso amount: cantidad avoid:evitar a breath of fresh air:un soplo a drop in the ocean:una gota en el mar bitter:amargo bright:vivo blind:ciego bodyguard:guardaespaldas ban:prohibir belly:vientre break down:averiarse romperse burglar:ladron bring up:criar crash:bloquearse crawl:gatear close up:primer plano carbon dioxide:dioxido de carbono charge the mobile phone:cargar crop:cosecha cut down:reducir carbon footprint:huella de carbono  consist of:constar de complain about/of:quejarse de catch a bus:autobus catch a cold:resfriado catch a fire:fuego catch one’s breath:aliento... Continue reading "English Vocabulary: Essential Words and Phrases" »

UNIT 7 (VOCABULARY):

- Board games, camping, chess, cycling, dance, drawing, music, photography, singing

ZERO CONDITIONALS: To talk about facts (when = if)

1- IF + present simple + present simple

Example: When you paint, you need paints and paper.

2- Use a comma if IF or WHEN is at the beginning.

Example: If Dad plays chess, he usually wins.

FIRST CONDITIONALS: will/can/may/might/could

1- IF + present simple + will + infinitive

2- When IF is not at the beginning, no comma is needed.

Example: If you take music lessons, you will learn to read music.

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES:

Verbs followed by -ING (avoid, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, miss, first, practise)

Example: She likes going to the cinema. I like playing hockey.

VERB + TO + INFINITIVE:

(agree, decide,... Continue reading "English Grammar: Conditionals, Gerunds, Infinitives, and Modals" »

Relative Pronouns and Sentence Structure

Study the following relative pronouns: when, which, whose, where, and who.

Relative Clause Examples

• My friend David, who...
• The restaurant where...
• Jacky, whose...
• Cathy, who...
• I will never forget when...
• Our office, which...
• I am crazy about which...
• I thank the person who...

Matching Exercises

• I met my friend (C).
• We stayed in the village (B).
• The police (A).
• He lost (F).
• The polar bear (D).
• Summer (E).

Travel Vocabulary and Definitions

Common Travel Terms

Circle the correct response: in a group, popular, the language, on the plane, hotel, GPS, London, leave your country, airport.

Matching Column A and B

• A2: Package holiday
• B1: Landmark
• C7, D5, E3, F4, G6, H8

Vocabulary Completion

Complete the exercise using the terms below:... Continue reading "Mastering Relative Pronouns and Travel Vocabulary" »