Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Vocabulary

Crimes

Burglary: The crime of illegally entering a building, usually a house, with the intent to commit a crime, typically theft.

Robbery: The crime of stealing money or property from a place or person using force or threats.

Theft: The crime of stealing.

Murder: The unlawful and deliberate killing of another person.

Vandalism: The deliberate destruction or damage of property, especially public property.

Kidnapping: The unlawful act of capturing and holding someone by force, typically to demand a ransom.

Mugging: The crime of attacking someone violently in a public place to steal their money or belongings.

Shoplifting: The act of stealing goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer.

Blackmail: The action of demanding money or favors... Continue reading "Vocabulary of Crimes" »

Modal Verbs and Relative Clauses

• Must have + past participle: Certainty.
• Should have + past participle: Regret.
• May/Might have + past participle: Possibility.
• Could have + past participle: Could have been done, but wasn't.
• Can’t have + past participle: Impossibility.
• Relative Pronouns: Who (person), which (thing), where (place), whose (possession).

Essential Vocabulary

• People: Acquaintance, flatmate, neighbor, boss, step-sister, classmate, relative.
• Adjectives & Descriptions: Shy, wrong, right, auburn, casual, clean-shaven, good-looking, outgoing, shocking, boring, exhausting, busy, restful, cheerful, pale.
• Verbs & Phrases: Get on, develop, networking, mistake, so far, look forward, as soon as, until, go on, during, enough, appear, have fun,

English–Spanish Vocabulary and Useful Phrases

Phrases and Translations

• Chat: conversación.
• Complex: complejo.
• Develop: desarrollar.
• Express your feelings.
• Get the message across: transmitir tu mensaje.
• Get to the point.
• Interrupt.
• Keep in touch: mantener el contacto.
• Latest news: últimas noticias.
• Lighten up: animar, suavizar.
• Manage: manejar.
• Notice: advertir, aviso.
• Post: publicar.
• Properly: adecuado.
• Social media.
• Spread: esparcir.
• Talk something over: hablar de algo.
• Text messaging.
• Upload: subir.
• View: ver.
• Worldwide: por todo el mundo.
• Abroad: en el extranjero.
• An only child: hijo único.
• Fluent: fluido.
• Hang out: dar una vuelta.
• Last a lifetime: toda una vida.
• Nightlife: vida nocturna.
• Run a business: dirigir un negocio.
• Challenging: desafiante.
• Amusing: entretenida.

Vocabulary: Describing Personality

Ambitious: ambitious

Arrogant: arrogant

Bossy: bossy

Capable: capable

Clever/Intelligent/Smart: intelligent

Coldhearted: coldhearted

Creative: creative

Cruel/Mean: cruel/mean

Dishonest: dishonest

Easy-Going: easy-going

Funny: funny

Generous: generous

Greedy: greedy

Hard-Working: hard-working

Honest: honest

Ignorant: ignorant

Impatient: impatient

Kind: kind

Lazy: lazy

Moody: moody

Narrow-Minded: narrow-minded

Outgoing: outgoing

Picky: picky

Polite: polite

Punctual: punctual

Reliable: reliable

Romantic: romantic

Rude: rude

Selfish: selfish

Shallow: shallow

Shy: shy

Sociable: sociable

Stingy: stingy

Strict: strict

Stubborn: stubborn

Talkative: talkative

Thoughtful: thoughtful

Unreliable: unreliable

Warm-Hearted: warm-hearted

Well-Educated/Well-Read:... Continue reading "English Vocabulary and Grammar Cheat Sheet" »

Ignorancia de las normas: El efecto básico y esencial que crea la norma es el deber de cumplimiento por todos los afectados, pero no solo se dirige a los directamente afectados, sino también especialmente a los funcionarios y, en general, a todo ciudadano que tiene el deber general de colaborar para hacer efectivo el ordenamiento jurídico.

Ignorancia de las Leyes y Deber de Cumplimiento

El artículo 6.1 dice que “la ignorancia de las leyes no excusa de su cumplimiento”. Además, no castiga la ignorancia, sino que simplemente señala que no deja de aplicarse aunque no se conozca. No obstante, sí tienen un especial deber de conocer las normas los funcionarios públicos, sobre todo jueces y tribunales, hasta el punto de que el desconocimiento... Continue reading "Eficacia de las Normas Jurídicas y el Fraude de Ley" »

Phrases to Begin

• Para empezar (To begin with)
• En primer lugar (In the first place)
• Como punto de partida (As a point of departure)
• La idea principal de (The main idea of...)
• El propósito principal de (The main purpose of; the goal of)

Phrases to Connect Ideas/Arguments

• Para continuar (To continue)
• Por un lado (On the one hand)
• Por el otro lado; por otra parte; en cambio (On the other hand)
• Mientras tanto (Meanwhile)
• Durante (During)
• Además (In addition; also, moreover)
• También (Also; too)
• Entonces (Then)
• Luego (Then)
• Después de + infinitive (After)
• Mientras (While)
• Y (And)
• Pero (But)
• Sino (But; rather)
• Sino que (But; rather)
• Sin embargo (Nevertheless)
• Aunque (Even though; even if; although)
• A pesar de + infinitive (In spite of)
• En realidad (In fact, in reality,

Direct and Reported Speech Tense Changes

This table illustrates how verb tenses shift when converting direct speech into reported speech.

Implementación de un Applet en Java

A continuación, se presenta el código fuente para crear un Applet en Java que dibuja una estructura en forma de cruz y anima cuatro círculos de distintos colores moviéndose a través de ella.

Código Fuente del Applet

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;

public class Cruz extends Applet {

    int xa = 305, ya = 20, bh_a = 2;
    int xr = 355, yr = 20, bh_r = 2;
    int xv = 305, yv = 440, bh_v = 3;
    int xn = 355, yn = 440, bh_n = 3;

    public void init() {
        setSize(800, 600);
    }

    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        // Dibujo de la estructura de la cruz
        g.drawLine(300, 20, 400, 20);
        g.drawLine(300, 20, 300, 200);
        g.drawLine(

English Verb Tenses: Perfect and Continuous Forms

Present Perfect Simple: He Terminado

Keywords: how long, for, since, yet, never, ever, already

• Affirmative: S + have/has + verb (-ed or 3rd column)
• Negative: S + haven't/hasn't + verb (-ed or 3rd column)

Past Perfect Simple: Había Terminado

Keywords: after, before, when, by the time

Nota: Para diferenciarlo del Past Simple, el Past Simple es más cercano al presente y aparece como verbo principal.

• Affirmative: S + had + verb (-ed or 3rd column)
• Negative: S + hadn't + verb (-ed or 3rd column)

Future Perfect Simple: Habré Terminado

Keywords: Siempre que aparece "by"

• Affirmative: S + will + have + verb (-ed or 3rd column)
• Negative: S + won't + have + verb (-ed or 3rd column)

Present Perfect Continuous: He

Writing:

Frases buenas: In spite of, due to, in order to, as well as, for instance, to be honest, perhaps we should also point out the fact that..,

Articles:

Siempre un titulo, Has been my best friend from that day when… Acabar con una pequeña broma si se puede. Introduccion presentando el tema y sobre que va a tartar el articulo, Segundo parrafo de porque me gusta (One of the cool thing about). Tercer párrafo (however) recomendación y porque, párrafo de cierre (in conclusión), una especie de resumen y preguntar al lector.

Reports:

si te pone you should mention (ese el nombre del titutlo). Tiene que tener titutlo, dividido en secciones, por ejemplo Introduccion-Free time activities (As a result, on the other hand)- Other facilities- Reccomendations... Continue reading "Effective Writing Tips and Techniques" »