Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

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Student Personal Stories and Reflections

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About Myself

(Sent by Andrés Eloy, a student from Caracas, Venezuela)

Hi, I'm a student. My name is Andrés. I like studying a lot, but I don't like studying mathematics because it's so hard or difficult. My friends say that I'm boring, but nobody can change that; this is my way.

My hobby is playing baseball. I love playing it because it's very interesting. Since I was a child, I have watched that sport on TV. I love it.

I'm a good person, I guess. Thanks for everything. Bye.

Sobre mí

(Enviado por Andrés Eloy, estudiante de Caracas, Venezuela)

Hola, soy un estudiante. Me llamo Andrés. Me gusta estudiar mucho, pero no me gusta estudiar matemáticas porque es difícil. Mis amigos dicen que soy aburrido, pero nadie puede cambiar eso; esta es mi manera.... Continue reading "Student Personal Stories and Reflections" »

English Reported Speech and Professional Vocabulary Mastery

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Reported Speech: Rules and Examples

Statements (Enunciativas)

Direct: "I'm exhausted."
Reported: He said he was exhausted.

Questions (Preguntas)

Yes/No Questions

Direct: "Do you live in Malaga?"
Reported: He asked me if I lived in Malaga.

Wh- Questions

Direct: "Where do you go?"
Reported: He asked me where I went.

Commands (Órdenes)

Direct: "Don't talk," she said to him.
Reported: She told him not to talk.

Suggestions (Sugerencias)

Direct: Ellie: "Let's watch a comedy."
Reported Options:

  • Ellie suggested watching a comedy.
  • Ellie suggested that we watch a comedy.
  • Structure: suggest + verb-ing or suggest + that + subject + verb.
  • Ellie suggested we should watch a comedy.

Tense and Time Transformations

When converting to reported speech, tenses and time expressions... Continue reading "English Reported Speech and Professional Vocabulary Mastery" »

Business and Workplace Vocabulary Reference

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1. Career Roles and General Vocabulary

Job Titles and Professional Roles

Chief Accountant
Computer Programmer
Customer Service Clerk
(Atención al cliente)
Financial Director
Head of IT
Head of Research and Development
Human Resources Director
(Director de RR. HH.)
Junior Administrative Assistant
Laboratory Technician
Managing Director
Sales Representative
(Representante de ventas)

Miscellaneous Terms and Verbs

Vote
(Votar)
Sweetener
(Edulcorante)
Teaspoon
(Cucharilla)
Greet
(Saludar)
Offer
(Ofrecer)
Show
(Enseñar)
Take
(Coger)
Appointment
(Cita)
Career
(Carrera)

2. Office Locations and Directions

Building Areas and Locations

Car Park
(Aparcamiento)
Conference Room
Ground Floor
Lift
(Ascensor)
Lobby
(Vestíbulo)
Maintenance Department
(Mantenimiento)
Stairs
(Escalera)
Stockroom
(Almacén)
... Continue reading "Business and Workplace Vocabulary Reference" »

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Cheat Sheet

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English Vocabulary and Expressions

General Vocabulary

  • Referee: Árbitro
  • Overhead: Oír por casualidad
  • Flee: Huir
  • Buried: Enterrar
  • Nodded: Asentir con la cabeza
  • Cheered: Animar
  • Grateful: Agradecido
  • Self-centred: Egocéntrico
  • Fake: Fingir

Common Expressions

  • Nothing to do with: No tiene nada que ver
  • Get to: Tener oportunidad
  • Settled for: Conformarse
  • Take a break: Hacer un descanso

Family and Relationships

  • Sibling: Hermano/a
  • Cousin: Primo/a
  • Single: Soltero/a
  • An only child: Hijo único
  • Niece: Sobrina
  • Nephew: Sobrino
  • Widow: Viuda
  • Relative: Pariente
  • Great-grandfather: Bisabuelo
  • Brother-in-law: Cuñado
  • Spouse: Marido o mujer
  • Engaged: Comprometido
  • Pregnant: Embarazada
  • Inherit: Heredar
  • Jealous: Celoso
  • Bond: Vínculo
  • Raised: Criado

Phrasal Verbs: Relationships

  • Turn into: Convertirse en
  • Fight
... Continue reading "Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Cheat Sheet" »

Mastering Passive Voice Constructions in English

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Corrected English Passive Voice Examples

Learning to Swim

Aprendí a nadar cuando era muy joven. Me enseñó mi madre.

I learnt to swim when I was younger. My mother taught me, or I was taught by my mother.

Arrest and Detention

Después de ser arrestado le llevaron a la comisaría.

After being arrested, I was taken to the police station.

Explosion Report

Se informa que dos personas han sido heridas en una explosión.

Two people are reported to have been injured in an explosion.

Tongue Piercing Suggestion

¿Por qué no te haces un piercing en tu lengua?

Why don't you have your tongue pierced?

Arthur's Diet

Se dice que Arthur come arañas.

Arthur is said to eat spiders, or it is said that Arthur eats spiders.

Referee Incident

Se cree que dio una patada al árbitro.

... Continue reading "Mastering Passive Voice Constructions in English" »

Learn Essential English Words

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Basic English Vocabulary

Days of the Week

  • Monday
  • Tuesday
  • Wednesday
  • Thursday
  • Friday
  • Saturday
  • Sunday

Months of the Year

  • January
  • February
  • March
  • April
  • May
  • June
  • July
  • August
  • September
  • October
  • November
  • December

Simple Questions and Answers

  1. When is your birthday? - ¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
  2. Who is your best friend? - ¿Quién es tu mejor amigo?
  3. What is your favorite color? - ¿Cuál es tu color favorito?
  4. What is your favorite film? - ¿Cuál es tu película favorita?
  5. Who is your favorite singer or actor? - ¿Quién es tu cantante o actor favorito?
  6. What is your nickname? - ¿Cuál es tu apodo?
  7. Who is Diego Forlán? - ¿Quién es Diego Forlán?
  8. How old are you? - ¿Cuántos años tienes?
  9. Maria is from Uruguay? - ¿María es de Uruguay?
  10. Miranda is not 12? - ¿Miranda no tiene 12
... Continue reading "Learn Essential English Words" »

Memories of a Special Birthday and Island Getaway

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My 21st Birthday Celebration

My 21st birthday party was a great time. I was surrounded by the people that love me, friends and family.

In the morning, I went to the beach with my friends. We played ping pong, card games, listened to music, and had a great time until sunset. We took a lot of photos and selfies. On the way home, we had some milkshakes; mine was Ferrero Rocher, my favourite!

The best time was at night because my family made me a special surprise. They reserved a private lounge in a new karaoke bar for us. We tried different food of all varieties, which was a new experience for me, for example, snails in spicy sauce, pigs' ears, etc. Then we sang a few songs, we danced, had some drinks and great cocktails like Mojitos, my favourite!... Continue reading "Memories of a Special Birthday and Island Getaway" »

Mastering English: Phrasal Verbs, Jobs & Grammar Structures

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Mastering English: Phrasal Verbs, Jobs & Career Vocabulary

Common Phrasal Verbs and Their Meanings

  • carry out (a study) (realizar un estudio)
  • deal with (tratar con algo)
  • embark on (embarcarse)
  • get away with (salirse con la suya)
  • get out of (escapar)
  • hang on (esperar)
  • lay off (despedir)
  • look down on (mirar por encima del hombro)
  • make up (constituir)
  • pick up new skills (adquirir nuevas competencias)
  • step down from a job (dimitir)
  • take off (prosperar)
  • try out (probar)
  • work things out (que las cosas funcionen)
  • cut out (recortar)
  • draw up a list (elaborar una lista)
  • fall out (discutir / pelearse)
  • get on (progresar)
  • give in (ceder)
  • kick out (echar)
  • lead on (engañar / dar falsas esperanzas)
  • look up to (respetar)
  • make up for (compensar)
  • put off (aplazar)
  • take in (adoptar)
... Continue reading "Mastering English: Phrasal Verbs, Jobs & Grammar Structures" »

Vocabulary of Crimes

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Vocabulary

Crimes

Burglary: The crime of illegally entering a building, usually a house, with the intent to commit a crime, typically theft.

Robbery: The crime of stealing money or property from a place or person using force or threats.

Theft: The crime of stealing.

Murder: The unlawful and deliberate killing of another person.

Vandalism: The deliberate destruction or damage of property, especially public property.

Kidnapping: The unlawful act of capturing and holding someone by force, typically to demand a ransom.

Mugging: The crime of attacking someone violently in a public place to steal their money or belongings.

Shoplifting: The act of stealing goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer.

Blackmail: The action of demanding money or favors... Continue reading "Vocabulary of Crimes" »

Essential English Grammar and Vocabulary Cheat Sheet

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Modal Verbs and Relative Clauses

  • Must have + past participle: Certainty.
  • Should have + past participle: Regret.
  • May/Might have + past participle: Possibility.
  • Could have + past participle: Could have been done, but wasn't.
  • Can’t have + past participle: Impossibility.
  • Relative Pronouns: Who (person), which (thing), where (place), whose (possession).

Essential Vocabulary

  • People: Acquaintance, flatmate, neighbor, boss, step-sister, classmate, relative.
  • Adjectives & Descriptions: Shy, wrong, right, auburn, casual, clean-shaven, good-looking, outgoing, shocking, boring, exhausting, busy, restful, cheerful, pale.
  • Verbs & Phrases: Get on, develop, networking, mistake, so far, look forward, as soon as, until, go on, during, enough, appear, have fun,
... Continue reading "Essential English Grammar and Vocabulary Cheat Sheet" »