English Reported Speech and Professional Vocabulary Mastery

Reported Speech: Rules and Examples

Statements (Enunciativas)

Direct: "I'm exhausted."
Reported: He said he was exhausted.

Questions (Preguntas)

Yes/No Questions

Direct: "Do you live in Malaga?"
Reported: He asked me if I lived in Malaga.

Wh- Questions

Direct: "Where do you go?"
Reported: He asked me where I went.

Commands (Órdenes)

Direct: "Don't talk," she said to him.
Reported: She told him not to talk.

Suggestions (Sugerencias)

Direct: Ellie: "Let's watch a comedy."
Reported Options:

• Ellie suggested watching a comedy.
• Ellie suggested that we watch a comedy.
• Structure: suggest + verb-ing or suggest + that + subject + verb.
• Ellie suggested we should watch a comedy.

Tense and Time Transformations

When converting to reported speech, tenses and time expressions shift as follows:

• Wear (Present) → Wore (Past Simple)
• Am looking → Was looking
• Has written → Had written
• Gave (Past Simple) → Had given (Past Perfect)
• Will finish → Would finish
• Can speak → Could speak
• May invite → Might invite
• Must go / Have to → Had to go
• Today → That day
• This week → That week
• Tomorrow → The next day
• Next week → The following week
• Yesterday → The day before
• Last week → The previous week
• Now → At the time
• Here → There

Contrast Connectors

• Despite: A pesar de (Used with noun, verb-ing, or the fact that).
• Although: Aunque (Used with subject + verb).

Business and Employment Vocabulary

• Witness: Ser testigo
• Recruit / Hire: Contratar
• Field: Sector
• Screen: Investigar / Filtrar
• Room for advancement: Probable ascenso
• Trustworthy: Confiable
• Internship: Prácticas
• Hardworking: Trabajador
• Range of: Variedad
• Multitasking: Capacidad de hacer varias tareas
• Fail / Failure: Fracasar / Fracaso
• Decision-making: Toma de decisiones
• Object to: Oponerse a algo
• Rewarding: Gratificante
• Cope with: Hacer frente
• Remarkable: Extraordinario
• Specialising in: Especializarse en
• Entry level: Nivel básico
• Engaging in: Participar en
• First rate: Primera categoría
• Outside the box: Ideas originales
• Remind (me) of: Recordar algo a alguien
• Straightforward: Sincero / Directo
• Full time: A tiempo completo
• Cater to: Satisfacer / Atender
• Aim for: Aspirar a
• Charge for: Cobrar por
• High demand: Alta demanda
• Result in: Llevar a / Resultar en
• Self-employed / Freelancer: Autónomo
• React to: Reaccionar a
• Employer: Contratador / Empleador
• Employee: Empleado
• Interpersonal skills: Habilidades sociales
• Decreasing: Disminuir
• Substitute for: Sustituto para
• Overtime: Horas extras
• Widespread: Generalizado
• Booming: En auge
• Apply for a job: Solicitar trabajo
• Staff: Personal
• Applicant: Solicitante
• Degree: Carrera universitaria
• Congratulatory: Enhorabuena / De felicitación
• Quit: Dejar algo / Renunciar
• Shift: Turno
• Position: Puesto
• Recruitment: Contratación