Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Mastering the Past Tense of "To Have"

This practice set focuses on using the verb "to have" in the past tense (had) for affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences. Improve your English grammar skills with these exercises.

Affirmative Sentences with "Had"

• I had brown hair (Yo tenía el pelo marrón)
• We had one car (Nosotros teníamos un coche)
• He had short hair (Él tenía el pelo corto)
• Mark had a dictionary (Mark tenía un diccionario)
• She had a boyfriend (Ella tenía un novio)
• You had two children (Tú tenías dos niños)
• They had a big house (Ellos tenían una casa grande)
• I had four brothers (Yo tenía cuatro hermanos)
• He had curly hair (Él tenía el pelo rizado)
• We had a computer (Nosotros teníamos un ordenador)

Negative Sentences with "Didn'

 2 ES la aaab RUTINAS; I get up at 6:50 am I make myself a cup of tea and I iron The rop I shower and dress. I usually wear pants, a t-shirt and sports shoes Then I enlist my tools to go to school in the afternoonRUTINA POR LA TARDE; Lunch at 11 a.M. I brush my teeth. Then I take the bus At 11:40. It takes about 50 minutes to arrive at my destination. I arrive at my School and immediately go to class.RUTINAS NOCHE at night I leave my school I go to the stop I have to wait for five To 10 minutes until the busy comes after I pick it up and I go home when I get Home first I eat I brush my teeth and at nine I start doing my homework QUIEN ES EL who is he cual ES EL:which is the QUE ES :what is it CUANDO FUE :when It was DONDE FUE :where wasCUANTO:

Vocabulary: Business Negotiations

• Bargain: Trato o acuerdo (beneficio unilateral).
• Consensus: Consenso.
• Deadlock: Punto muerto.
• Leverage: Influencia.
• Proposal: Propuesta.
• Agreement: Acuerdo (beneficio mutuo).
• Offer: Oferta.
• Refuse: Rechazar.
• Recapitulate: Recapitular.

Common Business Phrases

• Next order
• Consider a discount
• I would like to speak with
• Put somebody through
• I'm afraid that
• Send a budget
• Get an order
• Discontinued product
• Spare units
• Give an extra

English Grammar: Conditionals

Zero Conditional

If + Present Simple, Present Simple. Used for general truths or scientific facts. Example: If you heat ice, it melts.

First Conditional

If + Present Simple, Future Simple. Used for possible future situations. Example: If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

Second

Presente Simple (Yo canto)

• Afirmativo: Sujeto + Verbo (con -s en 3ª persona singular)
• Negativo: Sujeto + Don't / Doesn't + Verbo
• Interrogativo: Do / Does + Sujeto + Verbo

Adverbios de Frecuencia y Tiempo

Always, usually, generally, regularly, often, frequently, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, once a month, everyday, in the evening, at 11 o'clock, at night, on Saturdays, how often?

Presente Continuo (Yo estoy cantando)

• Afirmativo: Sujeto + am, is, are + Verbo en -ing
• Negativo: Sujeto + am not, isn't, aren't + Verbo en -ing
• Interrogativo: Am, Is, Are + Sujeto + Verbo en -ing

Adverbios de Tiempo

Now, right now, at the moment, this week, month, year, at present, tonight, tomorrow, next Sunday.

Pasado Simple (Canté)

• Afirmativo: Sujeto + Verbo en -ed o 2ª

Irregular Verbs

Common Irregular Verbs

Formal Complaint Letter Template

From: [Sender Name]

To: [Recipient Name]

Sent: March 12th, 2019

Subject: Order No. 111

Dear Sir/Madam,

On July 7th, 2019, I bought a [Product Name/Reference]. I made this purchase at IKEA in Alcorcón on March 12th.

Unfortunately, your product has not performed well (desafortunadamente su producto no funcionaba bien) because it does not match the sample cupboard (el armario de muestra no coincide).

To resolve the problem, I would appreciate it if you could replace the article. I have attached a copy of the invoice (se adjunta copia de la factura).

I look forward to your reply and a resolution to my problem. I will wait until Friday before seeking third-party assistance. Please contact me at the above address or by phone... Continue reading "Professional Business English: Complaints and Scheduling" »

Product and Brand Attributes

• Price: Precio
• Reliability: Fiabilidad
• Not tested on animals: No probado con animales
• Smells nice: Huele bien
• Does what it promises: Cumple promesas
• Feels nice: Tacto agradable
• Brand name: Marca
• Natural: Natural
• Scientifically proven result: Resultados científicamente probados
• Keeps a long time: Dura mucho
• Doesn’t cause allergies: No causa alergias

Workplace Environment and Benefits

• Atmosphere: Ambiente
• Factor: Factor
• Flexibility: Flexibilidad
• Responsibility: Responsabilidad
• Support: Apoyo
• Training: Formación
• Bonus: Bono
• Overtime: Horas extras
• Promotion: Ascenso
• Workforce: Mano de obra

Professional Qualities and Actions

• Challenging: Desafiante
• Essential: Esencial
• Financial: Financiero
• Flexible: Flexible
• Relaxed: Relajado
• Make suggestions:

Conditionals

1) IF + Subject + Present Simple; Subject + Will + Verb (Infinitive). (If/Unless... Unless is never negative).

2) IF + Subject + Past Simple; Subject + Would + Verb (Infinitive). (Verbs must be in Present/Present).

3) IF + Subject + Past Perfect (Had + V.ed/3rd form); Subject + Would have + V.ed/3rd form. (Verbs must be in Past/Past).

SO: Starts with the first sentence.

BECAUSE: Starts with the second sentence.

I WISH/IF ONLY

I wish + Subject + (If the verb is in PRESENT/FUTURE, use PAST SIMPLE).

I wish + Subject + (If it's a behavior, use COULD/WOULD).

I wish + Subject + (If the verb is in PAST, it's a regret, use PAST PERFECT “HAD + V.ed/3rd form”).

Sentence Structures

1) Started + V.ing (ago) == Subject + have/has + been + V.ing +... Continue reading "English Grammar: Conditionals, Wishes, and Passive Voice" »

19. Cervantes y el Quijote

1. Vida de Cervantes: Guerras, cautiverio y letras.

2. Obra literaria y poesía: Viaje del Parnaso, teatro (Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses, entre otras) y La Galatea y Persiles y Sigismunda: cuatro obras relevantes.

3. Novelas ejemplares: doce narraciones ejemplares y novelas idealistas: relatos de amor entre dos nobles que se casan y visiones idealizadas de la realidad, como La española inglesa, El secreto de la fuerza de la sangre (Rodolfo viola a Leocadia y luego se casa con ella), El amante liberal, Las dos doncellas y La señora Cornelia.

Novelas con elementos picarescos y personajes de baja condición: Rinconete y Cortadillo, dos jóvenes que se encuentran y van a Sevilla, y El casamiento engañoso, en el que... Continue reading "Cervantes y el Quijote: Vida, Obra y Estilo Narrativo" »