Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Secondary education

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Understanding Semantics and Characteristics of Programming Languages

Classified in Computers

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Semantics in Programming

Semantics indicate the meaning of the code, specifically:

  • What the code will actually do
  • Can we effectively define this in a formal way?

In essence, semantics refers to the meaning of a statement.

Characteristics of Effective Programming Languages

  1. Clarity, Simplicity, and Unity

    A programming language should be clear and simple, enabling users to understand it easily. Unity contributes to understandability.

  2. Orthogonality

    This term refers to the ability to combine various features of a language in all possible combinations, with each combination being meaningful. For example, if a language provides an expression that can produce a value and a conditional statement that evaluates an expression to yield a true or false result, these

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The Importance of Being Earnest: A Satirical Comedy

Classified in English

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It is a trivial comedy for serious people. Wilde was at his peak of his success when he wrote this play. This comedy manners also parodies social classes in a witty and intellectual way. It was written in Worthing, England in 1894. It moves between the urban city vibe of London and a more natural country atmosphere of Hertfordshire during the mid-1890s. Wilde uses both locations to mock late Victorian high society and its social customs.

The Plot

The plot is not explained by a narrator, it is resolved around two friends named John and Algernon. John attempts to avoid his social obligations and because he is bored by pretending to be a made-up person called Ernest. In love with the woman called Gwendolen, John as Ernest proposed to her, but the

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Soviet Union's Perestroika and Dissolution: 1985-1991

Classified in History

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Reform in the Soviet Union

  • In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was named Secretary General of the Soviet Communist Party and leader of the USSR. He approved important reforms known as perestroika.
  • Political reforms:
    • The USSR permitted other political parties.
    • The USSR adopted a new policy called glasnost, which permitted freedom of speech.
  • Economic reforms:
    • Private ownership of land was allowed.
    • Spending cuts were introduced.

The Collapse of the Eastern Bloc

  • The 1989 elections in Poland were won by Solidarity, a non-communist party.
  • In 1989, the people of Berlin pulled down the Berlin Wall. In 1990, the GDR was dissolved and Germany was reunified.
  • The Communist states of Eastern Europe became democracies.
  • The dissolution of Yugoslavia (1990).

The Dissolution of

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Battles in Lincestis

Classified in History

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONQUEST AND COLONISATION:

  1. It was a rapid process. In less than 150 years the whole continent had been explored, and the great empires (Incas and Aztecs) defeated.

  1. The conquistadors were a mercenary army, many of them members of the low - ranking nobility o Hidalgos (hijos de algo, like Don Quixote or the noble of Lazarillo de Tormes). The conquest of America was the perfect job for pícaros, buscavidas, aventureros.  

  1. It was based on CAPITULACIONES. By this system the Crown granted concessions to those with the rank of Captain, giving them permission to form an expedition, which they had to pay for, and to conquer a specific territory. In exchange, the conquerors had to give el Quinto Real to the Crown. In other words,

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Victorian Era: Society, Culture, and Literary Movements

Classified in Social sciences

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The **Victorian Era** (1836-1901) coincided with Queen Victoria's ascension to the throne and her death. It placed high value on honor, duty, morality, seriousness, and sexual propriety. Key defining traits of Victorian society included identity, morality, and consumerism. The era was marked by political stability and strict cultural norms. Her territories were the largest in Europe (e.g., Canada, New Zealand, South-East Asia, and parts of Africa). This political stability encouraged people to seek order and stability in their personal lives, leading to highly controlled social norms. Personal identity was largely shaped by race, gender, and social class.

Victorian society often categorized nationalities as distinct races, leading to a perceived... Continue reading "Victorian Era: Society, Culture, and Literary Movements" »

Carol Ann Duffy: A Democratic Voice in Poetry

Classified in English

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Carol Ann Duffy

Carol Ann Duffy was born in Scotland in 1955 and comes from a working-class background. Duffy grew up with four little brothers and was born into a Catholic family. She had a very good relationship with her mother, to whom she dedicated the poem 'Premonitions' after her death in 2005.

When Duffy was six years old, her family moved from Glasgow to Stafford. She attended the University of Liverpool and majored in Philosophy. After that, Duffy worked in some freelance jobs until the mid-80s when she decided to become a full-time poet.

Carol Ann Duffy wrote her first poem when she was 11 years old, and after realizing she had talent, her teachers encouraged her to pursue poetry. Currently, Duffy works as a professor of Creative Writing... Continue reading "Carol Ann Duffy: A Democratic Voice in Poetry" »

Postwar British Theatre: Absurdism and Kitchen-Sink Drama

Classified in English

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Trends in Contemporary British Theatre

Before the war, British theatre did not address many of the new problems that were appearing at the time. Two new types of theatre emerged in post-World War II Britain: the Theatre of the Absurd and the kitchen-sink drama.

Absurdist Theatre — Waiting for Godot

Absurdist. Waiting for Godot: two men are waiting for another who never comes. The plot is simple and we do not learn much about them. They are tramps, Vladimir and Estragon. The conversation is simple, rambling and repetitive. The setting is minimalist: a tree with a few leaves. It does not follow a conventional plot; it is non-rational and illogical, reflecting the absurdity of the human condition.

Nothing the characters do has a clear purpose or

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Who did George try to find out what wanted

Classified in History

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George ORWELL.Eric (George) was A middle-class Indian. Hi father was an officer in Burma. His mother Took him to England and there he was vrey happy. At the age of 8 he Was sent to a boarding school and it was very traumatic because he Was alone. Being middle-class, Orwell's family could afford to send Him to a boarding school. George was a smart child. In theory, the Boarding school trated all children gool, but in practise the Threatment depended on their status. Orwell felt discriminated, Undervalued by rich people. They gave him his first social injustice. They beat and called cynic for not being like the others. Eric wanted To go to University, but what he did was to be a policeman in India. He returned to Burma, which was under the power... Continue reading "Who did George try to find out what wanted" »

Coh3 chemical name

Classified in Chemistry

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Nomenclature

Nomenclature: Binary ionic compounds involves combining the names of the compound’s positive and negative ions. The name of the cation is given first, followed by the name of the anion.
Binary compounds: Compounds composed of two elements.

Systems

Stock: uses a Roman numeral to indicate an Ion's charge.

Systematic: naming molecular compounds based on the use of prefixes.

Traditional: the latin names of chemical elements.

Types of Inorganics

Binary Ions: monatomic+monatomic

Ternary Ions: monatomic + polyatomic

Binary Acids: H + monatomic ( Hydro- & -ic acid )

Ternary Oxyacid: H +polyatomic ( -ate, -ide → -ic acid) ( -ite → -ous acid)

Recuperación de notas y viaje a Ibiza con amigos

Classified in English

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El sábado en mi casa, mis padres y yo discutimos muy fuertemente por las notas de todo el curso. Entre la mañana del sábado en casa, mis padres encontraron las notas en la basura. Después de eso, mis padres, al ver el 7 de suspensión, se sintieron terribles. Pasamos una hora discutiendo y luego les dije que en las recuperaciones tenía que aprobar, ellos se pusieron un poco más felices. ¡Quiero que llegue la próxima semana! Quiero ir a Ibiza por una semana con mis amigos.

Plan de viaje a Ibiza

Lo primero que haremos al llegar será ir al hotel. Y por la noche iremos a una discoteca a bailar y cantar en una fiesta. ¡La rutina de casi todos los días será de fiesta y playa! Nadaremos y bucearemos. Seguramente no nos aburriremos. ¡Nos... Continue reading "Recuperación de notas y viaje a Ibiza con amigos" »