Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

Finding a Propitious Niche

A propitious niche is a market position so well-suited to a firm’s internal and external environment that competitors are unlikely to challenge or dislodge it. Key concepts include:

• Strategic Window: A unique market opportunity available for a limited time.
• Business Strategy: Focuses on improving the competitive position of a company’s products or services within a specific industry or market segment through competitive and cooperative actions.

Porter’s Competitive Strategies

A competitive strategy addresses the following fundamental questions:

• Should we compete based on lower cost (and price), or should we differentiate our products based on quality or service?
• Should we compete head-to-head for the largest market

1 Inside The larynx there are two flaps of muscle which are called the vocal or folds

vocal cords.

2 The space Between them is known as the glottis.

-wide Glottis /p/ /f/ /s/

- narrow Glottis /h/

-vocal Folds’ vibration

-tigtitly Closed ?  -when we cough

Producing sounds              air---stop the flow of air—move to Articulators—produce release

3 When they Are tightly closed they can be made to produce a glottal stop.

4 When they Are close together and air is passed between them, the resulting vibration is Called voicing or phonation.

5 Three Variables in this vibration that are relevant in speech are: intensity: high/low levels, frequency amount Vibration/regularity, quality whispering/breathy.

1 When a Word is written with phonetic

Deming's 14 Points for Quality Management

1. Create and publish the aims and purposes of the organization.
2. Learn the new philosophy.
3. Understand the purpose of inspection.
4. Stop awarding business based on price alone.
5. Improve the system constantly and forever.
6. Institute training.
7. Teach and institute leadership.
8. Drive out fear, create trust, and create a climate for innovation.
9. Optimize the efforts of teams, groups, and staff areas.
10. Set achievable goals.
11. Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce.
12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride of workmanship.
13. Encourage education and self-improvement for everyone.
14. Take action to accomplish the transformation.

Common Barriers to Quality Implementation

• Lack of commitment from management.
• Inability to change organizational

Advantages of High-Fidelity Prototyping

Which of the following is an advantage of high-fidelity prototyping?

• Is useful to “sell” a product idea to a client.
• Offers a good specification to code to.
• Looks and feels like a final product.

Conceptual and Mental Models

For the following two questions, recall that there are both conceptual models and mental models. Who creates the following?

• Mental model: User
• Conceptual model: Designer

Improving Information Recall

Which of the following are ways a person can better recall information?

• Dividing a list of digits into multi-digit numbers (e.g., remembering 19442001 as the years 1944 and 2001).
• Creating a story that relates items that otherwise may seem unrelated.
• Making information rhyme.
• Create a method to derive

SAP Controlling and Profitability Analysis

Activity Allocation and Responsibility

Activity Allocation: You post quantity for both the sender and receiver.

Areas of Responsibility: Profit Center Accounting.

CO-PA and HANA Integration

• CO-PA: Value fields and transfer structure.
• CO-PA / HANA: ACDOCA.
• CO-PA / Product Cost: Cost of goods sold.

Controlling Area and Cost Accounting

Controlling Area: When the controlling area is defined, it follows a one-to-many (1:N) relationship.

Cost Accounting: Allocation structure.

Cost Center Management

• Cost Center: Tracing factor and cost center category. It is a structure to which all the cost centers within a hierarchy are assigned. Includes assessment and CO version.
• Cost Center/Internal Order: Real internal order and

Staffing Needs and Characteristics

Required Personnel: Needs, Features, Work Structure, and Salary

Cantidad de personal requerido y sus características, cómo trabajar, sueldo

• Study CV and decide.
• Application of selection techniques.
• Personal interview.
• Reference cross-check.

Commercial Distribution and Utility Types

Definition of commercial distribution and the three types of utility.

• Time utility
• Place utility
• Possession utility

Producer's Main Decisions

¿Cuáles son las principales decisiones del productor?

• Selection of a distribution system.
• Selection of the appropriate distribution channels.
• Selection of the appropriate centers.
• Selection of the ideal products and brands.
• Making joint promotions with the distribution channels.
• Price and discount policies

Effective Time Management in Sales (8-Hour Day)

• Travel: 144 minutes (30%)
• Waiting: 120 minutes (25%)
• Reports: 96 minutes (20%)
• Casual Conversation: 24 minutes (5%)
• Selling Time: 96 minutes (20%)

Effective Goal Setting in Sales

• Set realistic and attainable goals
• Establish a time frame: short-term, intermediate, or long-term
• Make goals specific and measurable
• Prioritize your goals
• Follow the S.M.A.R.T. framework

Steps to Develop a Routing/Scheduling Plan

• Map out your territory
• Subdivide the territory if necessary
• Develop a routing plan for a specific period
• Schedule according to customers' needs
• Determine call frequency

Components of the Basic Communication Model

• Source: Salesperson
• Encoding: Message development
• Message & Medium: Sales presentation
• Decoding: Buyer

Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

Understanding Dependent Demand

Dependent demand occurs when the demand for one item is directly related to the demand for another. MRP (Material Requirements Planning) is the primary technique used to manage this, utilizing:

• Bill-of-Materials (BOM)
• On-hand inventory data
• Expected receipts (purchase orders)
• Master Production Schedule (MPS)

Benefits of MRP

• Better response to customer orders
• Faster response to market changes
• Improved utilization of facilities and labor
• Reduced inventory levels

Key MRP Components

• MRP Schedule: Specifies production requirements in accordance with the aggregate production plan. It must be fixed in the near term and followed consistently.
• BOM: A comprehensive list of components, ingredients,

Acquisition Campaigns: Acquire New Prospects and Customers

• Move your customers from the aware to committed stage.
• The stages of the customer journey that acquisition campaigns complete are:
  • Make Aware
  • Engage: Moving the customer from awareness to engagement usually means providing them with something of value in the form of content marketing.
  • Subscribe: The prospect has opened the door; at the very least, they’ve connected with you on social channels, or ideally, has become an email subscriber.
  • Convert: The prospect has placed trust in your organization by giving you either money or a significant amount of their time. Marketing here should be gradual and seamless, not risky or complex.

Monetization Campaigns: Generate Revenue from Existing Leads

• The