Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Baccalaureate

Vocabulary

Social Interactions

• Back up
• Fall out
• Finish with
• Friendship group
• Gossip about
• Hurt somebody's feelings
• Take an instant dislike to
• Let down
• Life and soul of the party
• Look out for
• Make up
• Rely on
• Talk behind somebody's back
• Split up
• Upset

Opinions and Attitudes

• Approve of
• Be ashamed of
• Attitude towards
• Be aware of
• Belong to
• Bias against
• Decrease in
• Depend on
• Different from
• Fearful of
• Prevent/protect from
• Puzzled by
• Result in
• Similar to
• Typical of

Phrasal Verbs

• Do away with
• Die out
• Take over
• Carry on
• Get on
• Talk someone into
• Get across

Time and Scheduling

• Ahead of schedule
• The last minute
• At times
• Catch up on
• Deadline
• From time to time
• Get behind
• In the nick of time
• In two weeks' time
• Keep somebody waiting
• Remember
• Retain
• Rush
• Slow down
• Take your time
• Time to spare
• Turn up

Emphasis and Specificity

• Specially
• Especially
• Particular
• Particularly

Additional

The American Food Industry

From Farm to Factory

Global Food Insecurity

Today, with a global population of 7.8 billion, approximately 15% face challenges accessing food and drinkable water. The shift from rural to urban living, with over half the population now residing in cities, has transformed our relationship with food.

The Rise of Industrialized Agriculture

Population growth and urbanization have led to significant changes in food production. The development of tractors and other agricultural tools increased productivity, while advancements in chemistry, such as GMOs and pesticides, boosted production per square mile. This led to the adoption of Fordist principles, increasing scale and transforming agriculture into a factory system.

In recent... Continue reading "The American Food Industry: From Farm to Factory" »

Introduction

The Indoor Multisport Club is presented below. It is a project that covers a wide variety of sports, both individual and team, such as basketball, futsal, handball, volleyball, badminton, and psicomotricity. The club aims to provide facilities and choices to kids who are undecided about which sport to play.

Context

The opportunity observed in carrying out this project has been the lack of people in sports other than football in the village of Muro. For this reason, the club underlines the importance of offering different sport options to kids. It also emphasizes giving importance to the children's decision and not to the parents' will, since children are the ones who practice sports, not their relatives.

Practicing a variety of sports... Continue reading "Indoor Multisport Club for Kids in Muro and Surroundings" »

ADDITION

• and
• Also
• Besides
• In addition to
• Additonally
• likewise
• Moreover
• Furthermore
• Not only… but also
• Not only… but… as well
• both… and…

CONDITION

• if
• even if
• only if
• whether … or not
• unless
• provided (that)
• providing
• as long as
• in case
• in case of
• in the event of
• once

ALTERNATIVE

• or
• either… or…
• neither… nor...
• else
• otherwise

REASON

• As
• Because
• As a result of…
• As a consequence of...
• For
• For this reason
• since
• due to...
• owing to

COMPARATIVE

• as
• as… as…
• not as… as…
• not so… as…
• as if
• as though
• likewise
• similarly
• ...than

CONTRAST

• But
• however
• nonetheless
• Nevertheless
• yet
• still
• ...instead
• instead of
• despite
• On the contrary
• On the one hand...
• on the other hand
• In contrast
• although... even though
• though
• whereas
• while

EXPLANATION

• i.e.
• that is
• that is to say

EXAMPLE

• e.g.
• for example
• for instance
• like
• such

To Kill a Mockingbird: Frequently Asked Questions

• Where does the story take place?

  Maycomb, Alabama.

• What is Scout's real name?

  Jean Louise Finch.

• Where are Scout and Jem's mother?

  She died of a sudden heart attack when Scout was two years old.

• What is rumored about Boo Radley?

  It's rumored that he once stabbed his father with scissors.

• Who is Dill?

  Charles Baker Harris ("Dill") is a boy staying next door for the summer with his Aunt Rachel Haverford.

• Why does the teacher, Miss Caroline, get mad at Scout?

  Because Scout already knows how to read.

• Why won't Walter Cunningham borrow a quarter?

  Because his family is poor and proud, and they never take anything they cannot pay back.

• What does Walter Cunningham do at lunch at the Finches'?

  He pours molasses syrup

CHARACTERS:   Hiro Adachi: Main character, is a Japanese student, studying in England with a study abroad program.

Akiko: Hiro's ex  The Shark / Erik Bjornson: the grandfather Hiro meets on the train to Koln Berlin Karl Meier: A German man in Berlin   Franz Schubert: A bodyguard

-His girlfriend Akiko, broke up with him for having a picture of his dog as a wallpaper. -

-Hiro is from Japan but he is studying in England with a study abroad program and now on his summer holidays he has used an InterRail ticket (ticket to travel anywhere in Europe).

-Hiro met Akiko in the same course in England, they were going to make a trip to the South of Spain and some friends but when he got angry for wanting to take the dog on a trip, everything took a turn... Continue reading "Encounter at Brandenburg Gate: A Tale of Deception and Survival" »

Essential English Vocabulary

Common Verbs and Phrases

Cram: To stuff something into a tight space.

Example: I tried to cram all my clothes into one suitcase, but it didn't work.

Figure out: To understand or solve something.

Example: I figured out that math problem.

Nurture: To care for and encourage the growth or development of someone or something.

Example: Parents need to nurture their children to help them become good people.

Pull yourself together: To regain control of your emotions.

Example: Stop crying and pull yourself together.

Rough and ready: Done quickly and without much care; basic.

Example: Today's homework is rough and ready.

Scheme: A plan or plot, often secret or dishonest.

Example: The officials schemed against the president.

Shift: To move... Continue reading "Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Guide" »

Affective Filter Hypothesis

The Affective Filter Hypothesis suggests several factors influence language acquisition success.

Key Factors

• Motivation: Higher motivation correlates with better language acquisition.
• Self-Esteem: Increased self-confidence aids language learning.
• Anxiety: Lower anxiety is beneficial; ideally, anxiety should be zero for optimal acquisition.

When focused on the message and anxiety is absent, acquisition occurs. However, while zero anxiety may not be suitable for all tasks, it is crucial for language acquisition.

Facilitative Anxiety

Facilitative anxiety may be acceptable for certain tasks, but language acquisition requires anxiety to be directed away from the language itself.

Affective Filter

The affective filter acts as a block... Continue reading "Affective Filter: Impact on Language Acquisition" »

English-Spanish Vocabulary

Common Verbs

Accomplish, achieve: conseguir, assolir

Attempt: intent

Bargain: regatejar

Cope: sortir-se'n

Decrease: reduir

Deal: oferta

Delighted: encantada

Disrupt: interrompre

Enable: permetre, fer possible

Encourage: animar, fomentar

Effort: intent, esforç

Fulfil: complir

Get started: empezar

Ignore: ignorar

Injure: ferir

Isolate: aïllar

Lack of: falta de

Litter: llençar escombreries

Misunderstand: malinterpretar

On the move: en movimiento

Promote: promocionar

Rate: tarifa

Share: compartir

Succeed: tenir èxit

Toward: hacia

Upgrade: millorar

Upcoming: próximo

Other Words

Breathtaking: imponent

Brought about: provocado

Clever move: movimiento inteligente

Force: fuerza

Funded: fundado

Stall: parada

English Grammar Review

Verb Tenses

Present Simple

Used... Continue reading "English-Spanish Vocabulary and Grammar Guide" »

Present Simple

Indicators: Always, often, usually, generally, sometimes, seldom, hardly ever, never, every..., once/twice a..., three times a..., on days of the week, by day, weekly, regularly, at first..., then.., Monday...

Past Simple

Indicators:

• Determined time: Last week, yesterday, six weeks ago...
• Indeterminate time: The other day, ages ago, a long time ago...
• The previous day, week...
• The day, week before...

Future Simple

Indicators: Tomorrow, next week, probably, maybe, perhaps, I (hope, think, believe, expect...), spontaneous decisions, predictions, favors, uncertain future.

Present Continuous

Indicators:

• Am + -ing
• At present, currently, now, right now, at the moment, at this moment
• "Today" (contrasting a habit)
• This afternoon, tonight, tomorrow,