Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of University

   1§True Forms (rules for the whole)

·Kingship, aristocracy…

§False Forms (rule for themselves)

·Oligarchy.

§Kingship Is the best. Philosophers.

§Tyranny Is the worst it can slave everybody

§Shoot For the timocracy is the balance between the ultimate best and the ultimate Worst.

oPlato

oAristocracy= philosopher kings =kingship = Rational elemnet is ruling BEST

oTimocracy = the honor spirited element is Ruling

oOligarchy= necessary appetites

oDemocracy= unnecessary appetites

oTyranny= unlawfull \/ unnecessary appetitives

·Both Plato and Aristotle argue that philosophy can show us how to live the best Human life. They both agree that the excellence of the human being follows from The function of the human. This function is the one thing that

Ijma

Consensus, one of the four sources of law in Sunni Islam, along with Quran, sunna, and qiyas.

Ijtihad

The use of personal effort to make a decision on a point of law not explicitly covered by the Quran or sunna; the person with the authority to do this is called a mujtahid.

Imam

The prayer leader in the ßalåt who keeps worshippers' actions in unison during prayer. Also a title for revered Shia leaders and founders of Sunni schools of law.

Islam

The religion preached by Muhammad, meaning 'submission'; adherents are called Muslims.

Isma

A doctrine stating that prophets, especially Muhammad, were protected from sin during their lifetimes.

Isnad

The chain of authorities through whom a hadith report has passed; the list forms the first part of the... Continue reading "Key Concepts in Sunni Islam" »

Ebenezer Scrooge

The miserly owner of a London counting-house, a nineteenth century term for an accountant's office. The three spirits of Christmas visit the stodgy bean-counter in hopes of reversing Scrooge's greedy, cold-hearted approach to life.

Bob Cratchit

Scrooge's clerk, a kind, mild, and very poor man with a large family. Though treated harshly by his boss, Cratchit remains a humble and dedicated employee.

Tiny Tim

Bob Cratchit's young son, crippled from birth. Tiny Tim is a highly sentimentalized character who Dickens uses to highlight the tribulations of England's poor and to elicit sympathy from his middle and upper class readership.

Jacob Marley

In the living world, Ebenezer Scrooge's equally greedy partner. Marley died seven years before... Continue reading "Characters in A Christmas Carol" »

1)Which of the following best describes a karyotype?

·a display of each of the chromosomes of a single cell

2) The human X and Y chromosomes

·include genes that determine an individual's sex.

3) Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

·Each cell has eight homologous pairs.

4) In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?

·Length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes.

5) Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that

·sister chromatids separate during anaphase

6) Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

·synapsis of... Continue reading "Understanding Genetics: Karyotypes, Meiosis, and Inheritance" »

What are Phrasal Verbs?

A phrasal verb is a combination of words (a verb + a preposition or verb + adverb) that, when used together, usually take on a different meaning than that of the original verb.

More examples of phrasal verbs:

1. Be sure to put on a life jacket before getting into the boat.
2. We left out the trash for pickup.
3. It's time to get on the plane.
4. What will she think up next?
5. I'm having some trouble working out the solution to this equation.
6. We're going to have to put off our vacation until next year.
7. Stand up when speaking in class, please.

Adverb - Describes a Verb

An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It tells how, where, when, how often, or to what extent. Many adverbs end in -LY.

Examples: slowly, quietly,... Continue reading "Understanding Phrasal Verbs and Their Components" »

Stimulus Generalization Responding To a new stimulus in a way similar to the response to an established CS Fear extended to rabbits, fur coats, stuffed Animals Stimulus Discrimination: Responding Differently to a new stimulus than one responds to an established CS Extinction: Presenting a CS repeatedly, after conditioning, without the US, resulting In a loss in responding Spontaneous Recovery: Recovery of an Extinguished CR after a period of nonexposure to the CS

Types of partial reinforcement: Ratio Schedules A number of Responses (ratio) is required before reinforcement is deliveredFixed Ratio A set number of responses must be performed to obtain reinforcementVariable Ratio Number of responses required for reinforcement Will vary from trial... Continue reading "psychology" »

Understanding Power Sharing

Horizontal Distribution of Power

Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. This is called horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers.

Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others, resulting in a balance of power among various institutions. For example, although judges are appointed by the executive, they can check the functioning of the executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

Vertical Division of Power

Power can also be shared among governments... Continue reading "Understanding Power Sharing and Employment Generation Strategies in Government" »

Customer/ cliente: is a person who buys goods or Services.

Customer loyalty/ Fidelización del cliente: is when a supplier receives the ultimate reward for His efforts.

Customer royalty: nobleza del Cliente.

Customer care/ atención al Cliente: is a service provided by companies, where they solve queries of Customers.

Repeat Business: customers to buy from companies again And again.

Code of practice: set of Rules. Explains what the consumer can expect of the company. Service: job where People do or provide something rather than produce something. Goods: are Products or objects that can satisfy people's wants.

Marketing: is the process Of performing market research, selling products to customers. Telecommunications: is the transmission of information,... Continue reading "Hrm, company-of-origin, analysis" »

Introduction

Price is the sum of all the values that customers give up to gain the benefits of acquiring or using a product. It is one of the most flexible elements of the marketing mix, as prices can be changed quickly.

Importance and Impact of Price

Price has a major impact on a firm's market share and profitability. Due to fixed costs, a small change in price can have a larger impact on profit.

In recent years, the Great Recession and the internet have made it easier for consumers to compare offers, leading to more frugal and conscious spending habits.

Cutting Prices: Not Always the Best Answer

Cutting prices is often not the best answer, as it can lead to lost profits, damaging price wars, and cheapening the brand.

Instead, companies should focus... Continue reading "Pricing Strategies: Understanding Value, Costs, and Competition" »

Expectancy Theory (VIE) - Three Key Components

People's behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives and these choices (behaviors) are systematically related to psychological processes - perceptions, beliefs, & attitudes. Emphasizes the need for organizations to relate rewards directly to performance, ensures the rewards are deserved & wanted by recipients.

EXPECTANCY:

Self-efficacy, their estimate of ability to complete the task, refers to the strength of a person's belief about the degree of a particular first-level outcome is the result of their actions (factors include confidence, budget, & materials).

INSTRUMENTALITY:

The connection between performance of the job and the outcomes that result. This connection determines... Continue reading "Expectancy Theory and Goal Setting Theory in Organizational Behavior" »