Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Training and Employment Advise

Initial Device Naming and Setup

1. Set Device Hostnames

Assign unique hostnames to your network devices for easy identification. In this example, we name the switch ALS and the router HQ.

Switch Configuration (ALS)

Switch> enable
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# hostname ALS
ALS(config)#

Router Configuration (HQ)

Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# hostname HQ
HQ(config)#

Basic Security Hardening

2. Encrypt Passwords

Use the service password-encryption command to encrypt all plaintext passwords in the running configuration.

ALS(config)# service password-encryption

3. Set a Secure Enable Password

Configure a strong, encrypted password for privileged EXEC mode using enable secret.

ALS(config)# enable secret adap$$1

4.

Passive Voice

Present Simple: sell // are sold

Present Continuous: are selling // are being sold

Past Simple: sold // were sold

Past Continuous: were selling // were being sold

Present Perfect Simple: have sold // have been sold

Present Perfect Continuous: have been sold // have been being sold

Past Perfect Simple: had sold // had been sold

Future Simple: will sell // will be sold

Future Perfect: will have sold // will have been sold

Modals: can sell // can be sold

Modal Perfects: must have sold // must have been sold

Have to: have to sell // have to be sold

Be going to: are going to sell // are going to be sold

Causative Form

Have/get + something + done (v). Conjugate 'have' or 'get' according to the tense. Example: I always have my nails polished for New... Continue reading "English Grammar Tenses, Conditionals, and Connectors" »

Business Communication Matching Exercise

Match Column A to Column B

Column A: Questions and Statements

• 1. Can I use the internet and the intranet at the same time?
• 2. Should I underline the title?
• 3. Is the company looking for new sales representatives?
• 4. Are you going to order office supplies today?
• 5. I’ll be working in the Operations Department, right?
• 6. Should I keep a log of the visitors?
• 7. Why do you save all these messages?
• 8. Should I send the document as an attachment?

Column B: Responses

• a. (4) Yes, we’ve run out of paper and envelopes.
• b. (5) Yes, your job will be to assist Joe Green, the Director.
• c. (8) No, you can paste the information into the email.
• d. (1) Please, never access the internet while you are using the company’s intranet.

Marketing and Advertising Vocabulary

Key Marketing Terms

• Launch a marketing campaign: Lanzar una campaña de publicidad.
• Freebies: Regalos publicitarios.
• Cold calls: Llamadas en frío / Teleoperador.
• Endorse: Promocionar / Avalar.
• Brand name: Nombre de marca.
• Billboards: Valla publicitaria.
• Word-of-mouth publicity: Publicidad de boca en boca (publicidad social).
• Banners: Pancarta / Banner.

Descriptive Adjectives and Polysemous Words

Compound Adjectives for Situations

• Soul-destroying: Desmoralizador.
• Heart-stopping: Situación de infarto.
• Heart-warming: Situación reconfortante.
• Hair-raising: Horroroso y emocionante.
• Breakneck: A toda velocidad.
• Ear-splitting: Ensordecedor (te rompe los oídos).
• Eye-opening: Situación reveladora.
• Eye-catching: Atractivo / Llamativo.

Causative Structures

Have something done: Arrange for someone else to do something for you (e.g., She had it repaired).

Get something done: Used with the same meaning as 'have' or to describe something happening to someone (e.g., Have you ever had your bike stolen?).

Verbs Followed by -ing (Gerunds)

Common verbs: enjoy, mind, suggest, stop, finish, postpone, consider, admit, deny, avoid, risk, imagine, fancy, give up, put off, go on, carry on, keep.

• Example: They denied doing anything wrong; I don't fancy going.
• Passive form: Being done/seen/kept (e.g., I don’t mind being kept waiting).
• Finished actions: Having done/stolen (e.g., They admitted stealing the money).

Verbs Followed by the Infinitive (to)

Common verbs: offer, agree, refuse, decide, plan,

Disability Insurance: Income Protection & Coverage Options

What is disability insurance?

Disability insurance — Replaces all or part of your income if you cannot work because of disability.

• Underinsurance problem
  • Disability insurance is the largest category of basic insurance for which Americans are underinsured.
  • People mistakenly believe that other insurance they carry will protect them in case of long-term disability.

Elimination Period

Elimination period — A clause in your insurance policy that specifies how soon after the disability the policy will begin to pay benefits.

• A longer elimination period substantially reduces the premiums on disability insurance.

Financial Strategies

• Live below your means
• The two-career family

Reducing Risk of Disability

Reducing

Key Vocabulary: English and Spanish Equivalents

This section provides essential vocabulary related to social issues, actions, and digital communication.

Social Issues and Economic Terms

• Hunger - Hambre
• Inequality - Desigualdad
• Shelter - Refugio
• Slum - Barrio bajo
• Unemployment - Sin trabajo / Desempleo
• Wage - Sueldo

Verbs and Actions

• Bother - Molestar
• Charge - Cargo
• Drop out - Abandonar
• Overcome - Superar
• Rush (over) - Prisa sobre
• Go on strike - Ponerse en huelga
• Make sure - Asegurarse
• Support a cause - Apoyar una causa
• Take action - Tomar medidas
• Reject - Rechazar
• Remove - Eliminar
• Update - Actualizar
• Get rid of - Deshacerse de
• Accomplish - Lograr
• Disappoint - Decepcionar
• Grow up - Crecer
• Hang out - Pasar el rato
• Misunderstand - Malinterpretar
• Rise - Subir
• Wander - Andar

Unit 1: Essential Expressions

• Appeal (Atreure)
• Dare (Atrevir-se)
• Go wrong (Salir mal)
• Make sure
• On the spur of the moment (Espontàniament)
• Play safe (Anar sobre segur)
• Think twice (Pensar-s'ho dues vegades)
• Willing (Disposat)
• A close shave (Sortir-se'n pels pèls)
• Cut it fine
• Just in case (Per si de cas)
• Safe and sound (Sa i estalvi)
• The coast was clear (No habian moros en la costa)
• Fast asleep (Sobado)
• Wide awake (Molt despert)
• Brand new (Nou de trinca)
• Soaking wet (Empapado)
• Wide open (Obert de bat a bat)
• Pitch black (Totalment obscur)
• Rock hard (Dur com una pedra)

Adverbs of Degree

Extreme Adverbs

Completely, quite, really (e.g., terrifying, petrified, spectacular, exhilarating, starving, gigantic, exhausted, filthy, fascinated)

Ordinary Adverbs

Absolutely, extremely,... Continue reading "Essential Vocabulary and Phrases for English Learners" »

Essential English Vocabulary for Art and Creativity

Art Terminology and Definitions

• abstract
• cave painting (pintura rupestre)
• graffiti
• landscape (paisatge)
• photograph (fotografia)
• portrait (retrat)
• sculpture
• still life (bodega)
• street art (art urbà)

Verbs Related to Art Creation and Display

• enlarge (ampliar)
• frame (marc)
• hang (penjar)
• print (imprimir)
• save to hard drive (guardar-ho en un dispositiu)
• take (fer una foto)

People and Tools in the Art World

• artist
• brush (pinzell)
• easel (caballet)
• gallery
• model
• paint
• palette
• pedestal
• portfolio
• sculptor
• sculpture
• bust
• photography

Grammar Focus: Make vs. Do

Understanding the difference between make and do is crucial for fluency.

Using "Make"

We usually use make to talk about creating or constructing something, or producing a result.... Continue reading "Essential English Grammar and Art Vocabulary Review" »

The Picture of Dorian Gray: Book vs. Film Differences

This list details 25 significant changes made in the film adaptation of Oscar Wilde's classic novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, focusing on plot points, character fates, and key thematic alterations.

Key Plot and Character Changes

1. Flashback Sequence: In the film, a flashback sequence appears at the beginning that is absent in the book.
2. Sibyl Vane's Death: Sibyl Vane does not drown herself in the river in the book; she commits suicide by taking poison.
3. Sibyl's Role: Sibyl Vane performs as Juliet in the book, but as Ophelia in the film.
4. Argument with Sibyl: In the book, Dorian is cruel to Sibyl because of her poor stage performance. In the film, their argument centers on the topic of having children.