Advanced English Grammar Practice and Transformations

1. Relative Sentences

1. He looked up a new case. The traces of the case had already been checked up. = The traces of the case WHICH he looked up had already been checked up.
2. Leonardo DiCaprio has just won an Oscar. He starred in many selected films. = Leonardo DiCaprio, WHO starred in many selected films, has just won an Oscar.
3. Tim used to volunteer and help out in Oxfam. His siblings work as clerks. = Tim, WHOSE siblings work as clerks, used to volunteer and help out in Oxfam.
4. I kept my notes in the leather wallet. It was in the second drawer. = I kept my notes in the leather wallet WHICH was in the second drawer.

2. Conditional Sentences

1. Unless he trains for longer, he WON’T win the race.
2. Supposing he belonged to a Charity House, he WOULD help out needy people.
3. As long as they come up with a new project, they WILL boost the income of the company.
4. They would have found the route, if they HAD HAD a georadar.
5. (Mixed) If he were skilled, he WOULD HAVE won the talent show.
6. (Mixed) They’d have flown the drone, if the weather WERE (be) more stable.

Reported Speech

1. “The school office will print the diplomas tomorrow morning.” = He said that the school office WOULD print the diplomas the NEXT morning or tomorrow.
2. “Have they handed in the application forms this week?” = She asked IF they HAD handed in the application forms THAT week or this week.
3. “Don’t step on the painted court today!” = He ordered me NOT TO step on the painted court THAT DAY or today.
4. “Would you like to have a cruise this summer?” = He suggested HAVING a cruise THAT or this summer.

3. Passive Voice

1. The official has tracked down the crime scenes. = The crime scenes HAVE BEEN tracked down by the official.
2. They mailed me the IT project last term. = The IT project WAS MAILED TO me last term.
3. Experts consider that the monkey virus will spread worldwide in an unstoppable way. = It is CONSIDERED that the monkey virus will spread worldwide in an unstoppable way / The monkey virus is CONSIDERED TO spread worldwide in an unstoppable way.
4. Historians claim the Roman Empire was the smartest in road construction. = It is CLAIMED that the Roman Empire was the smartest in road construction / The Roman Empire is CLAIMED TO HAVE BEEN the smartest in road construction.

4. Emphasis

Joe has handed in the application form; he hasn’t handed in the CV. = IT was the application form that Joe handed in, not the CV.

5. Participle Clause

If you bake it slowly, the pomme sucrée gets much spongier. = BAKED slowly, the pomme sucrée gets much spongier.