Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Training and Employment Advise

Essential Business English Vocabulary

Enhance your understanding of key business terms with this comprehensive English-to-Spanish glossary.

• Stock exchange: La bolsa
• Shareholders: Accionistas
• Assets / shares: Acciones de bolsa. Can be bought on the stock exchange.
• Likely to: Tener la probabilidad de
• Sole trader / Sole proprietor: Autónomo
• Management: Gestión
• To manage (v): Gestionar
• Debts: Deudas
• To set up / to settle / to start a business (v): Empezar, establecer un negocio
• Profits / benefits: Beneficios
• Losses: Pérdidas
• To appoint (v): Nombrar a
• Headquarters (pl) / main office: Sede central
• Branches: Sucursales
• Subsidiary: Sucursal, filial
• To found a business (v): Fundar una empresa
• Dotcoms: Online companies, haven't got a physical company.
• Franchising /

Air Travel Phrases

Expand your English proficiency with this curated list of essential words, phrasal verbs, and common expressions, complete with Catalan and Spanish translations. This resource is designed to help you enhance your communication skills and deepen your understanding of everyday English.

Core Vocabulary & Nouns

• A Will: un testament
• Soft Drinks: refrescos
• Hazard: perill
• Status Quo: el que està establert
• A Say On: tenir veu
• Thrill Seeker: amante de la adrenalina
• Runner-up: Segundo puesto
• Bribe: soborno
• Disgrace: vergonya
• Deception: engany

Verbs & Phrasal Verbs

• Withdraw: retirar
• Toy With: jugar
• Take On: adquirir
• Pick On: tractar malament/injustament
• Leave Out: excloure
• Get Rid Of: desfer-se
• Stick: mantenir-se
• Dropped To: caigut a
• Lift: aixecar
• Hesitate: dubtar
• Spring

CONDITIONALS

As long as (sempre que), providing that (sempre), unless (a menys que), even if (encara que)

0. General Truths and General Habits

If + present simple, present simple
If you add two and two, you get four.

1st Conditional: Possible or Likely Things in the Future

If + present simple,... will + infinitive / will + infinitive...if + present simple
If it rains later, we'll stay at home.

2nd Conditional: Impossible Things in the Present / Unlikely Things in the Future

If + past simple, would + infinitive / would + infinitive... if + past simple
If I won the lottery, I would sail round the world.

3rd Conditional: Things That Didn't Happen in the Past and Their Imaginary Results

If + past perfect, would + have + past participle / would have + past

Internet Marketing Approaches

To accomplish their objectives, Internet marketers use many approaches, some of which include:

Banners

A banner ad is a boxed-in promotional message that often appears at the top of a web page. If a visitor clicks on the banner ad, they are transported to the advertiser's home page. Banners can be used to create brand recall or recognition. Other names given to banners include side panels, skyscrapers, or verticals.

Sponsorships

This is another common advertising approach on websites. The advertiser is given a permanent place on the host's website and pays a sponsorship fee to the host. This site has many sponsors who offer special deals and advice to target visitors. The use of sponsorship sites is increasing and is... Continue reading "Internet Marketing Approaches and Strategies" »

Global Issues and Sustainability

Social and Economic Challenges

Poverty and Inequality

Reduced Inequalities: Addressing income disparities and promoting social inclusion.

Decent Work and Economic Growth:

Creating opportunities for meaningful employment and fostering sustainable economic development.

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure:

Investing in sustainable infrastructure and promoting technological advancements.

Sustainable Cities and Communities:

Developing urban areas that are resilient, inclusive, and environmentally friendly.

Gender Equality:

Empowering women and girls and ensuring equal rights and opportunities.

Quality Education:

Providing access to quality education for all, promoting lifelong learning.

Environmental Challenges

Climate Change

Adventure and Travel Vocabulary

Scenery and Survival

• Scenery: paisaje
• Survival skills: técnicas de supervivencia
• Breathtaking: impresionante
• Give me a thrill: entusiasmar
• Awesome: increíble
• Run out of: quedarse sin
• Stunt: acrobacia
• Rescue: rescate

Adventure and Terrain

• Mountainous: montañoso
• Adventurous: aventurero
• Steep: escarpado
• Brave: valiente
• Risky: peligroso
• Hurt herself: hacerse daño
• Wild: salvaje
• Challenging: reto
• Trail: camino
• Survive: sobrevivir
• Unforgettable: inolvidable
• Fit: en forma

Travel and Booking

• Make a reservation: hacer una reserva
• Set off: salir
• Go trekking: hacer senderismo
• Book a session: reservar una sesión
• Make my way: dirigirse
• Overcome fear: superar el miedo
• Face danger: enfrentarse al peligro
• Lost my way: perderse
• Seriously injured: gravemente

Initial Device Naming and Setup

1. Set Device Hostnames

Assign unique hostnames to your network devices for easy identification. In this example, we name the switch ALS and the router HQ.

Switch Configuration (ALS)

Switch> enable
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)# hostname ALS
ALS(config)#

Router Configuration (HQ)

Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# hostname HQ
HQ(config)#

Basic Security Hardening

2. Encrypt Passwords

Use the service password-encryption command to encrypt all plaintext passwords in the running configuration.

ALS(config)# service password-encryption

3. Set a Secure Enable Password

Configure a strong, encrypted password for privileged EXEC mode using enable secret.

ALS(config)# enable secret adap$$1

4.

Passive Voice

Present Simple: sell // are sold

Present Continuous: are selling // are being sold

Past Simple: sold // were sold

Past Continuous: were selling // were being sold

Present Perfect Simple: have sold // have been sold

Present Perfect Continuous: have been sold // have been being sold

Past Perfect Simple: had sold // had been sold

Future Simple: will sell // will be sold

Future Perfect: will have sold // will have been sold

Modals: can sell // can be sold

Modal Perfects: must have sold // must have been sold

Have to: have to sell // have to be sold

Be going to: are going to sell // are going to be sold

Causative Form

Have/get + something + done (v). Conjugate 'have' or 'get' according to the tense. Example: I always have my nails polished for New... Continue reading "English Grammar Tenses, Conditionals, and Connectors" »

Unit 1: Essential Expressions

• Appeal (Atreure)
• Dare (Atrevir-se)
• Go wrong (Salir mal)
• Make sure
• On the spur of the moment (Espontàniament)
• Play safe (Anar sobre segur)
• Think twice (Pensar-s'ho dues vegades)
• Willing (Disposat)
• A close shave (Sortir-se'n pels pèls)
• Cut it fine
• Just in case (Per si de cas)
• Safe and sound (Sa i estalvi)
• The coast was clear (No habian moros en la costa)
• Fast asleep (Sobado)
• Wide awake (Molt despert)
• Brand new (Nou de trinca)
• Soaking wet (Empapado)
• Wide open (Obert de bat a bat)
• Pitch black (Totalment obscur)
• Rock hard (Dur com una pedra)

Adverbs of Degree

Extreme Adverbs

Completely, quite, really (e.g., terrifying, petrified, spectacular, exhilarating, starving, gigantic, exhausted, filthy, fascinated)

Ordinary Adverbs

Absolutely, extremely,... Continue reading "Essential Vocabulary and Phrases for English Learners" »