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English Relative Clauses: Essential Grammar Rules

Defining Relative Clauses

Las cláusulas relativas defining aportan información esencial sobre la persona, lugar o cosa a la que se refiere el hablante. Sin esta información, el significado de la oración sería incompleto o ambiguo.

Relative Pronouns and Adverbs for Defining Clauses

• Persona: who
• Cosa: that / which
• Lugar: where
• Tiempo: when
• Posesión: whose

Omission of Relative Pronouns

El pronombre relativo se puede omitir solo en las cláusulas defining cuando hace la función de complemento. El pronombre whose nunca se puede omitir.

Ejemplo:

• He is the man who we met yesterday in the supermarket.
• He is the man we met yesterday in the supermarket. (El pronombre 'who' se omite)

Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Las... Continue reading "Mastering English Grammar: Verb Tenses & Relative Clauses" »

Fruits: apple, orange, lemon, strawberry, peach, melon, pear, banana, grapes, pineapple, cherry / Vegetables: potato, green beans, peas, carrot, cauliflower, pepper, cabbage, aubergine, mushrooms, courgette / Salad: lettuce, tomato, cucumber, vinegar, oil / Meat: cow-beef, calf-veal, lamb-chuletillas, lamb, pig-pork / Shellfish: shrimp, oyster, lobster, mussels / Ways to Cook: boil (hervir), fry (freir), grill, roast, bake / Done: rare (crudo), medium-rare, medium, well-done / Describing: tasty, bland, sweet, bitter, salty, unsalty, hot, spicy, bland, fresh, out of date, tender, tough, fatty, lean / Dishes: aperitif, starter, main course, dessert / Payment: bill (cuenta), tip (propina), book (reservar) / Films: pretends (fingir), set in (ambientada)... Continue reading "Food, Cooking, Films, Grammar: Vocabulary and Concepts" »

Store brands lift grocers in troubled times.

Abortion on demand a step too far for Spanish right.

How's my driving? ask my car.

How racist is Britain?

Amphibians may soon disappear.

Britain'

LESSICO 6

Film and Media Terminology

• Accountability: Responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when asked.
• Set the agenda: A list of items to be discussed at a meeting.
• Archival footage: Material from the past that can be used in other films.
• Audio engineer: A person whose job is to alter and balance the levels of different sounds as they are recorded.
• Axe: To get rid of a service.
• Back: Give help or support.
• Ban: Decide or say that something is not allowed.
• Bid: Offer a service for a price, in competition with others.
• Boom: Increase in economic activity.
• Expose corruption: Reveal illegal or dishonest behavior.
• Cover-up: Action taken to hide a mistake from the public.
• Lack of credibility: Absence of the quality that makes people

The Fortune-Teller

The fortune-teller el adivino John, look. There's a fortune-teller in that tent. Let's go in. John, mira. Hay una adivina en esa tienda. Entremos. Welcome boys. I'm Miss Larissa. Have a seat. What would you like to know? Bienvenidos chicos. Soy la señorita Larissa. Toma asiento. ¿Qué te gustaría saber? Of course not. It's just for fun. Come on. Por supuesto no. Es solo por diversión. Venga. You can't be serious Don't tell me you actually believe that stuff! No puedes estar en serio No me digas que realmente crees eso! You'll also get married and have two beautiful children. También te casarás y tendrás dos hermosos hijos. Will I be successful? ¿Seré exitoso? Hmm my crystal ball says that you'll become a doctor. Hmm... Continue reading "Discover Chile: An 8-Day Adventure" »

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Marinera Festival vs. Carnaval do Brasil: A Comparison

Introduction

Good afternoon, teacher and classmates. Today, I'm going to highlight the differences and similarities between the Marinera Festival and Carnaval do Brasil.

Marinera Festival

Overview

The Marinera Festival takes place annually in Trujillo, Peru, during the summer. The main venue is Club Libertad, and the festival runs for ten days, from January 20th to January 30th. This event is affordable for attendees.

Highlights

• People wear traditional Marinera costumes for the dance competitions, which are a popular highlight of the festival.
• Parades featuring the contestants are a major attraction.
• Over 36,000 people attend the festival, celebrating the competitors' achievements.
• The Marinera Festival

Fun Activities

• Play Basketball
• Go Skateboarding
• Play the Guitar
• Do Crafts - Fer Artesania
• Go Bowling - Anar a Jugar a Bitlles
• Read Comics
• Play Board Games

Jobs

• Doctor
• Scientist
• Hairdresser
• Lifeguard
• Waiter/Waitress
• Construction Worker
• Businesswoman/Businessman
• Police Officer
• Postal Worker
• Shop Assistant
• Taxi Driver

Vehicles

• Bus
• Train - Tren
• Lorry - Camió
• Tram - Tramvia
• Ferry - Ferri

Geographical Features

• Coast
• Beach
• Lake
• Valley
• Waterfall

Electronic Devices

• Digital Camera
• Remote Control - Comandament a Distància
• Camcorder - Càmera de Vídeo
• MP3 Player
• Netbook

Leisure Activities

• Chess - Escacs
• Computer Games - Jocs d'Ordinador
• Cooking
• Cycling
• Dancing
• Drawing
• Fashion - Moda
• Films - Pel·lícules
• Keeping Fit - Mantenir-se en Forma
• Magazines - Revistes
• Music
• Photography
• Sport
• The Internet

Suffixes:

Personality Adjectives

• Bad-tempered: Malhumorat
• Calm: Calmat
• Confident: Segur, Confiat
• Creative: Creatiu
• Cheerful: Feliç, Alegre
• Disorganized: Desorganitzat
• Easy-going: Fàcil de Tractar
• Generous: Generós
• Helpful: Útil
• Independent: Independent
• Irritable: Irritable
• Moody: Deprimit
• Outgoing: Extrovertit
• Patient: Pacient
• Reliable: Fiable
• Selfish: Egoista
• Sensible: Prudent, Sensat
• Shy: Tímid
• Stubborn: Tossut
• Talkative: Parlador

Phrasal Verbs

• Let down: Decebre
• Pick on: Ficar-se amb algú
• Split up: Separar-se, Deixar-ho
• Get over: Recuperar-se
• Stand by: Recolzar
• Run into: Xocar amb algú
• Take after: Assemblar-se
• Ask out: Demanar per sortir

Reporting Verbs

• Complain + to somebody + about something: Queixar-se, Reclamar
• Apologize + for + _ing: Disculpar-se
• Offer + to + verb: Oferir
• Admit

Verb Tenses and Forms

PreS - 1º / s - p - are + 3º column. Present Continuous (PC) - to be + -ing. Past Simple (PastS) - 2º - P - to be past + 3º. Past Continuous (PastC) - to be past + -ing - P - to be past + -ing + 3º. Future (Futu) - will + infinitive - P - will be + 3º. Be going to (BeGT) - be going to – P - are going to + be + 3º. Present Perfect (PrePer) - have/has + 3º - P - have + been + 3º. Past Perfect (PastP) - had + 3º - P - had been + 3º.

Conditionals: First, Second and Third

• 1st conditional: IF + subject + verb (present) / subject + WILL + INFINITIVE.
• 2nd conditional: IF + subject + verb (past) / subject + WOULD + INFINITIVE.
• 3rd conditional: IF + subject + past perfect (had + past participle) / subject + WOULD + HAVE