Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Common Spanish Phrases

• Me traes: Can you bring me
• Claro que sí: Of course
• Creo que no: I don't think so
• Creer: To believe
• ¿Qué estás haciendo?: What are you doing?
• ¿Me haces el favor de...?: Can you do me the favor of...?
• Abrir los regalos: To open gifts
• ¿Por qué no?: Why not?
• ¿Qué tal si...?: What if...?

Holidays

• La Nochevieja: New Year's Eve
• La Nochebuena: Christmas Eve
• Las Pascuas: Easter (April)
• El día de los enamorados: Valentine's Day
• El día de los padres: Father's Day (June)
• El día de las madres: Mother's Day (May)
• El día de Acción de Gracias: Thanksgiving (November)
• El año nuevo: New Year's Day
• Julio: Independence Day

Health

• ¿Qué le pasa a...?: What's wrong with...?
• ¿Qué tienes?: What's the matter?
• Tener fiebre: To have a fever
• Tener gripe:

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms for Finance

Vocabulary related to money, spending, and saving:

• Take out (money) → Sacar/Extraer dinero
• Cost an arm and a leg → Cuesta un riñón (Muy caro)
• Snap up a bargain → Comprar un chollo (Una ganga muy buena)
• Spend a fortune on → Gastarse un dineral en
• Throw money down the drain → Desperdiciar dinero / Tirar el dinero
• Tighten your belt → Apretar el cinturón (Reducir gastos)
• Come to → Llegar a una conclusión / Suma total de una cantidad
• Chip in → Aportar / Contribuir con dinero
• Cut down on → Reducir / Reducir el consumo de algo
• Get by → Arreglárselas / Sobrevivir / Pasar
• Pay back → Reembolsar / Devolver dinero
• Rip off → Timar / Estafar / Robar
• Run out of →

The Causative

• a) I paint my house every year. = Yo pinto mi casa cada año.
• b) I have my house painted every year. = Yo tengo mi casa pintada todos los años.
• c) I get my house painted every year. = Yo tengo pintada mi casa cada año.
• a) I repaired my car. = Yo reparé mi coche.
• b) I had/got my car repaired. = Yo hice reparar mi coche.

Causative Examples

1. I didn't cut my hair myself. I had my hair cut.
   - Yo no me corté el pelo yo mismo. Yo hice cortar mi pelo.
2. Jill didn't make her dress. She had it made in Paris.
   - Jill no fabricó su vestido. Ella hizo fabricarlo en París.
3. I'm not painting the kitchen myself. I am having the kitchen painted.
   - Yo no pinté la cocina yo mismo. Yo hice pintar mi cocina.
4. We didn't frame these pictures. We had them framed.

Idiomatic Expressions

• Be fond of - tener cariño a
• Be in the doghouse - estar castigado
• Be over the moon - estar encantado
• Be sick of - estar harto de
• Be down in the dumps - estar depre
• Have something/nothing in common - tener algo/nada en común
• Me time - tiempo para mí
• Keep your cool - mantener la calma
• Lose your head - perder la cabeza
• Love at first sight - amor a primera vista
• Through thick and thin - en lo bueno y en lo malo
• (Feel) Under the weather - no encontrarse bien

Relationship Verbs

• Ask someone out - invitar a salir
• Be in a relationship - tener una relación con
• Break up with - romper con
• Flirt - tontear con alguien
• Get married to - casarse con
• Get on well with - llevarse bien con
• Get over - superar (e.g., con el tiempo la olvidó)
• Get to know - llegar

Past vs. Present: Using "There Was/Were"

Twelve years ago, there were several trees. There weren't stores in front of the clock. There were a lot of people around. There weren't uncomfortable wooden benches.

Let's compare the past and present using "There was" / "There wasn't":

• There was a cool view around the square.
• There wasn't any Play Queen Desserts store near the clock.
• There was a big amount of tea.

Rules for "There Was" / "There Were"

Positive Forms

• I/He/She/It: was
• You/We/They: were

Negative Forms

• I/He/She/It: wasn't (was not)
• You/We/They: weren't (were not)

Interrogative Forms

• Was (I/She/He/It)...?
• Were (You/We/They)...?

Short Answers

• Positive: Yes, I was. Yes, you were. Yes, he/she/it was. Yes, we were. Yes, they were.
• Negative: No, I wasn't. No,

Dominando Verbos Frasales Esenciales

Los verbos frasales son combinaciones de un verbo y una preposición o adverbio, que juntos adquieren un significado diferente al de sus palabras individuales. Aquí tienes una lista de verbos frasales comunes con su significado en español:

• Break up: Romper con alguien
• Fall out: Caerse (o discutir con alguien)
• Get on with: Llevarse bien con alguien
• Get over: Recuperarse de un bache o superar algo
• Get together: Reunirse
• Make up: Maquillarse (o reconciliarse)
• Stand up: Levantarse
• Take after: Parecerse (mentalmente o en personalidad)
• Dress up: Disfrazarse o vestirse elegantemente
• Pay for: Pagar por algo
• Put on: Ponerse (ropa, etc.)
• Take off: Quitarse (ropa, etc.)
• Try on: Probarse (ropa)
• Break into: Entrar a la fuerza
• Log

Vocabulary and Idiomatic Expressions

Migration and Society

• A spike in: Un pico de algo
• Cutting-edge technology: Tecnología avanzada
• Displace: Desplazar
• Emigrate: Emigrar
• Entrepreneurship: Espíritu emprendedor
• Fabric of society: Estructura de la sociedad
• Get out of control: Fuera de control
• Go-getter: Ambicioso
• Immigrate: Inmigrar
• Innovation: Innovación
• Melting pot: Crisol
• Migrate: Migrar
• Settle: Instalarse
• Trace your ancestry: Trazar tus ancestros
• Uproot: Arrancar

Family and Lifestyle

• Coordinate: Coordinar
• Distribute: Distribuir
• Eliminate: Eliminar
• Encounter: Tener un encuentro
• Extended family: Familia lejana
• Lifestyle choice: Elección de estilo de vida
• Preserve: Preservar
• Standard of living: Estándar de vida
• Threaten: Amenazar

Idioms and Phrases

• Get out of bed on

English Language Practice: Unit Exams with Solutions

Unit 1: Foundational English Concepts

I. Personal Information

1. A: What's your marital status?
   B: I’m single.
2. A: Hello, I'm Rosa.
   B: What's your name?
3. A: Nice to meet you.
   B: Nice to meet you, too.
4. My name is Catherine.
   Please call me Cathy.
5. A: What's your name?
   B: It’s Maria Contreras.

II. Greetings and Farewells

6. A: Hello, Carol.
   B: Hi, Robert. Good to see you.
7. A: Things are fine. And you?
   B: Pretty good.
8. A: Bye Carol, see you later.
   B: See you around.

III. The English Alphabet

9. A: Good morning, Miss Kate.
   B: Good morning, Mr. Smith. How are you today?
10. A: I’m very well, thank you.
    B: Quite all right, thank you.
11. VICTORIA (V-I-C-T-O-R-I-A)
12. SANTIAGO (S-A-N-T-I-A-G-O)
13. ADRIANA (A-D-R-I-A-N-A)
14. READ (R-E-A-D)

Currency: The Timeliness of the Information

• When was the information published or posted? (Identify the year of publication)
• Has the information been revised or updated? (Check if it has been revised or updated)
• Is the information current or out-of-date for your topic? (Note: Older information may be outdated; however, consider the context)
• Are the links functional? (Check the use of data and resources; normally present in both texts)

Relevance: The Importance of the Information for Your Needs

• Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question? (Determine which topic is most relevant and which text explains it most clearly)
• Who is the intended audience? (Identify if it is aimed at professionals in the field or those with no prior knowledge;

Complete List of English Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs: Part 1 (A–F)

• be – was/were – been → ser / estar

• become – became – become → convertirse / llegar a ser

• begin – began – begun → empezar / comenzar

• bite – bit – bitten → morder

• blow – blew – blown → soplar

• break – broke – broken → romper

• bring – brought – brought → traer

• build – built – built → construir

• buy – bought – bought → comprar

• can – could – been able (to) → poder / ser capaz

• catch – caught – caught → atrapar / coger

• choose – chose – chosen → elegir

• come – came – come → venir

• cost – cost – cost → costar

• cut – cut – cut → cortar

• do – did – done → hacer

• dive – dived/dove – dived → bucear

• draw –