Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

English Phonetics

Consonants

[t∫] = Change.
| [θ] = Thanks. | [ð] = Mother, Then.
| [∫] = She, Shine. | [dʒ] = George, gym, John. | [ʒ] = Television, pleasure. | [j] = Yes, York, Unit, University.

Past Tense Endings

/id/ if the verb ends in the sound /t/ or /d/: painted, contributed, depended, admitted.

/t/: stopped, crashed, stuffed, looked

/d/: if the verb ends in a vowel: called, bored, begged, alarmed, played, stunned, arrived.

Plural Endings

/iz/ (represented by “-es” in writing): buses /’bʌsiz/, buzzes /bʌziz/, crashes /’kræ∫iz/, languages /’læηgwidʒiz/, catches /’kæt∫iz/.

/s/: stops, books, pits.

/z/: cabs, cards, gags, knives /naivz/, jams, things, plays, ladies /leidiz/.

Other Sounds

/n/ = not, nephew, nun. /ŋ/... Continue reading "English Phonetics and Language Tips" »

Sperm

• Midpiece: This is located between the head and the tail. It contains mitochondria at the base of the flagellum, which provide energy for movement. It also contains centrioles that control the sperm's movement.
• Tail: The flagellum is made of proteins and is the part that moves.

Egg

The egg contains the zona pellucida, vitelline membrane, deutoplasm, nucleus, and corona radiata. It carries 23 chromosomes. It is elongated, visible to the human eye, immobile, and has a reserve of nutrients.

Ovarian Cycle

After puberty, oogenesis takes place in women approximately every 28 days. One egg matures and is released. The ovarian cycle has three phases:

• Follicular Phase

  This phase lasts about 14 days and is caused by the follicle-stimulating hormone produced

Brand Strategies

If a single product is damaged, the entire brand image can be affected. Brand strategy is usually used for similar products.

Multiple Brands

• Individual brand strategy: Using a different name for each product.
• Product line brand strategy: Using the same name for products that have a relationship with each other.
• Second brand strategy: Used by companies that have other, more prestigious brands in the market. Objective: To cover a larger market segment.

Distributor Brands

These are brands manufactured by a specific industry and offered to the consumer under the name or brand of the distributor or retailer, who will be the one to carry out all promotional and communication activities regarding them.

Product Life Cycle

Products have a life... Continue reading "Brand Strategies and Product Life Cycle: Pricing Techniques" »

Essential English Questions for Personal Data

Basic Personal Information

• What is your name?
• What is your last name?
• What is your ID Card Number?
• What is your nationality?
• Where are you from? (Example Answer: I am from Chile.)
• What is your telephone number?
• What is your address?
• Where do you live?

How to state your address:

• I live at (complete address)
• I live in (city or district)
• I live on (street or avenue)

• How old are you?
• What is your marital status? (Options: Married, Separated, Divorced, Widowed, Single)
• Are you married?
• What is your profession / occupation?
• What do you do?

Mastering the Verb "To Be" and Possessives

Conjugation of "To Be"

• I = AM
• HE, SHE, IT = IS
• WE, YOU, THEY = ARE

Possessive Adjectives

• I = MY
• YOU (Singular) = YOUR
• HE = HIS
• SHE = HER
• IT = ITS
• WE =