Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

The Strategy Concept - 5 Ps

1. For McDonald's, the egg comes first. False
2. Honda did not go after the biggest market. True
3. Mintzberg's five P's are all true definitions of strategy. True
4. Raises intriguing questions about intention: Perspective
5. Not one of Mintzberg's 5 P's: Perception
6. An ingrained way of perceiving the world: Perspective
7. Consistency in behavior: Pattern
8. Some sort of consciously intended course of action: Plan
9. Really just a specific maneuver: Ploy
10. A product or market: Position
11. The most difficult to change: Perspective
12. The most powerful: Perspective
13. Focused on direct competition: Ploy
14. The achievement of consistency: Pattern
15. Encourages us to look at the survival of the fittest: Position
16. How leaders try to establish direction for their organizations:

In my Opinion, stress is a negative factor in the job, because it is the main reason Of bad relationships with other employees and also the lack of concentration in Many of the tasks the workers do along the day.

I think the Best way to avoid stress is to maintain an order in the job, making it less Difficult and more productive. Order is an important thing, but having a relief After work is very important too. You should do something asides from your day By day work, like exercise, reading or hanging out with friends. This will help You relax in stressful moments and help you do your job faster and easier.

Cont 4: New Movement Shift from Faith to Science

It started questioning what’s happening around him/her. Nature went from being feared and respected to something to be tamed and subdued. During the period of conquest, modern anthropology was birthed. Michel Eyquem put forward a very important aspect at the basis of modern anthropology, which is relativism (written by looking at cannibalism). It is the belief that there is no absolute truth, only the truth that a particular individual or culture happens to believe.

Second Shock: Raw Materials to Semi-Finished Products

The industrial system experienced a revolution in each country, leading to more factories and increased human labor. This enabled another idea of evolutionism to appear (Darwin)... Continue reading "The Evolution of Anthropology: From Faith to Science" »

The Agrarian Revolution

The agrarian revolution started in England in the first half of the 18th century. There were changes in land property innovations in respect to farming techniques.

• There was a concentration of land plots (complots), in which common land became private property, meant the loss of rights of the peasant. As a consequence, part of the rural population had to migrate to the cities, where they looked for work in the factories, becoming part of the incipient proletariat.

The Technical Revolution

The technical revolution occurred particularly in two areas:

• Energy: The invention of the steam engine by Watt was the motor of change. The steam engine could be applied to the textile industry and to transport, of the steam train and the

Mast Rich:

The Treaty of Mast Rich has several characteristics. It marked a transition from an economic to a politico-economic organization. It also introduced co-decision procedures and initiated a monetary union. Additionally, it provided a social dimension to the EU and created European citizenship. Lastly, it enshrined the principle of subsidiarity.

Lisbon:

The Lisbon Treaty has the following characteristics. It increased the legislative and budgetary authority of the European Parliament. It also restricted the areas in which decisions must be unanimous. Furthermore, it established a common charter of fundamental rights for all citizens and created two new positions.

Differences between EEC and EU:

The EEC was a simple association for economic... Continue reading "The Evolution of European Treaties and Turkey's Quest for EU Membership" »

The Constant Role of Language Learning

Throughout the history of education, learning a foreign language or languages has been a constant component. Of course, many people feel that this is really an unnecessary part of education for everyone, but this is not a point of view that I share.

Arguments Against Mandatory Language Learning

Opponents of learning a foreign language might argue that most people do not travel that often outside their own country. In addition to this, out of all the countries of the world, comparatively few share the same language. Therefore, learning a foreign language will only be useful for the very limited time that one spends in a country where this language is used. For some people, the language might never be used... Continue reading "The Enduring Value of Learning Languages in Education" »

Why the Upsurge in Globalization?

1. Increased Customer Demands and Access

• Demand for more value for money
• Preference for global brands over local brands
• Access to global distributors

2. Increased Technological Innovation

Improved ICT facilitates access to markets, partners, and global networks.

3. Increased Power of Emerging Markets

4. Increased Globalization of Financial Markets

5. Shared R&D and Global Sourcing

• Companies spread their research across multiple countries.
• Outsourcing is more of a rule than an exception.

6. Evolving Government Trade Policies

Governments try to attract foreign investments.

Consequences of Globalization

Pros

• Free Trade Objective: No borders, fewer tariffs, lower prices, cost reduction, open markets.
• More Employment: New jobs,

UNIT 5: Consumer Markets and Buyer Behavior

1. Model of Consumer Behavior

The buying decision is the focal point of a marketer’s effort. Marketers study consumer purchases to determine what, where, and how much consumers buy. The central question for marketers is: "How do consumers respond to various marketing efforts?" Stimuli, including the 4 Ps (product, price, place, and promotion) and economic, technological, social, and cultural factors, influence these responses. Marketers aim to understand how these stimuli are processed within the consumer's "black box." Buyer characteristics influence perception and reaction, while the decision process itself affects behavior.

2. Characteristics Affecting Consumer Behavior

2.1. Cultural Factors

a) Culture

Culture... Continue reading "Consumer Markets and Buyer Behavior: Key Influences" »

In recent years, there has been a growing debate about whether or not 16-year-old children should be allowed to vote. While some argue that it would be a positive step towards greater youth engagement in politics, others express concern about the potential risks and drawbacks of such a policy. In this essay, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of allowing 16-year-olds to vote.

Advantages of Lowering the Voting Age

One of the main advantages of lowering the voting age to 16 is that it would give young people a greater say in decisions that affect their lives. Many 16-year-olds are already working, paying taxes, and contributing to society in other ways, so it makes sense to give them a voice in political matters as well. Additionally,... Continue reading "Should 16-Year-Olds Be Allowed to Vote? Pros and Cons" »

Constitutional Powers of Congress

Congress derives its powers from Article 1 of the Constitution.

Defining Constituency

A constituency is a body of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body.

Differences Between the House and Senate

The House and Senate differ in terms, number of members, and legislative roles.

House of Representatives

• Often referred to as the "House."
• Comprises 435 voting members and 6 non-voting members (5 delegates, 1 resident commissioner).
• Considered the lower house.
• Responds more quickly to the needs of the people due to two-year terms.
• All laws dealing with revenue must originate in the House.

Senate

• Considered the upper house of the bicameral legislature.
• Has 100 seats or voting members.
• Six-year terms