Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

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Foundations of Sociology: Durkheim, Weber, and Critical Theory

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COMPTE: First to use the term sociology. Sociology should be scientific.
Law of the three stages: Theory proposes the world has gone through three intellectual stages. Theological stage (prior 1300): belief in supernatural powers and religious figures, social and physical world is seen as produced by God. Metaphysical stage (between 1300 -1800): abstract forces like 'nature', rather than gods, explain virtually everything.
Positivistic (1800): belief in science intellectual disorder is the cause of social disorder. Disorder stemmed from earlier idea systems because the positive stage, science still bears some marks of the two previous stages. Only when positivism gained total control would social upheavals cease. Society is characterized by inevitable
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Regional Organizations and the Chinese Economy: A Comprehensive Overview

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Regional Organizations and the Chinese Economy

Q5. Objectives of Establishing Regional Organizations

The objectives of establishing regional organizations are:

  1. To achieve regional development on par with the rapidly growing global economy.
  2. To accelerate economic growth through social progress and cultural development.
  3. To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter.

Q6. Influence of Geographical Proximity on Regional Organizations

Geographical proximity influences the formation of regional organizations because:

  1. Countries within a region often face similar challenges. For example, Southeast Asian countries experienced the economic and political consequences of colonialism before and
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The Evolution of T.S. Eliot's Poetry

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Eliot attributed a great deal of his early style to the French Symbolists—Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Mallarmé, and Laforgue—whom he first encountered in college, in a book by Arthur Symons called The Symbolist Movement in Literature. It is easy to understand why a young aspiring poet would want to imitate these glamorous bohemian figures, but their ultimate effect on his poetry is perhaps less profound than he claimed. While he took from them their ability to infuse poetry with high intellectualism while maintaining a sensuousness of language, Eliot also developed a great deal that was new and original. His early works, like “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and The Waste Land, draw on a wide range of cultural reference to depict a modern... Continue reading "The Evolution of T.S. Eliot's Poetry" »

Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal: Relief and Reform

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Safeguards for a New Order

Finally, in our progress toward a resumption of work, we require two safeguards against a return of the evils of the old order; there must be strict supervision of all banking, credits, and investments; there must be an end to speculation with other people’s money, and there must be provision for an adequate but sound currency.

Immediately after his election, Roosevelt began to formulate policies to bring about relief from the economic hardships the American people were experiencing. These programs became known as the New Deal, a reference taken from a campaign speech in which he promised a "new deal for the American people." The New Deal focused on three general goals:

  • Relief for the needy
  • Economic recovery
  • Financial
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Adam Smith's Economic Ideas and the Wealth of Nations

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One of the main ideas is what Adam Smith's economy is based on, and it is the division of labour. He keeps the idea that people work because it is good for them. Adam Smith focused on liberal ideas, which is a free-market, where the government doesn't interfere with the market (laissez-faire). He supported that competition kept everyone honest. Smith is also a big supporter of government favoring war-related industries, so that they would be prepared in case of war. He thought about the importance of the risk. His beliefs were related to the relation between interests and rewards, and risk. If the reward is big, investors tend to forget about the risk. But Smith thought that the danger (real) was big capitalism or entrepreneurs cheating on... Continue reading "Adam Smith's Economic Ideas and the Wealth of Nations" »

Historical Facts in the 16th and 17th Centuries

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Historical facts in the 16th and 17th centuries are linked to long-term processes:

The fight for European hegemony: Habsburgs (Spanish) fought other kingdoms (France, England, and the Netherlands) to defend their position as the leading power. Charles V inherited a huge territory, and his son, Phillip II, was able to expand. They were defeated, and in 1648, France became the new leading power.

The Ottoman expansion: Spanish Habsburgs and the Republic of Venice tried to stop the expansion of the Ottomans all over the Mediterranean Sea. At the same time, Austrian Habsburgs tried to do the same in Eastern Europe. Christians battled Muslims in a crusade.

The Reformation and Wars of Religion: In 1517, Martin Luther initiated the Reformation, which... Continue reading "Historical Facts in the 16th and 17th Centuries" »

Addressing Child Abuse in China: Challenges and Solutions

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Position Paper

Good morning, Honorable Chair and fellow delegates. On behalf of the President, the Delegation of China will address the critical issue of child abuse.

The Challenge of Child Abuse in China

China's population is equivalent to 18.47% of the total world population. This significant demographic is crucial to our subject, as there are numerous reports of child abuse cases, which consequently prolong investigations. A major challenge in China is that many investigations are left unresolved due to the sheer volume of cases, allowing some criminals to evade justice.

Government Response and Support Systems

If an accused person is found guilty of psychological abuse, sexual abuse, or physical abuse, the government is committed to exercising... Continue reading "Addressing Child Abuse in China: Challenges and Solutions" »

Global Management and Organizational Structures

Classified in Social sciences

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Question 31-40

31) According to Carly Florina, former CEO of Hewlett-Packard.. D) connecting.

32) An important leadership task involves articulating (except).. C) status.

33) In addition to "selling" their visions, top management.. C) a cadre of globally oriented managers.

34) Yong Nam, CEO of LG, recently.. C) impede information sharing.

35) The ability to speak foreign languages.. A) There are 200 million Chinese children

36) Indra K. Nooyi is chief executive.. B) PepsiCo (USA).

37) Inge G. Thulin is chief executive .. B) 3M (USA).

38) Which of the following has an American woman as the chief executive.. B) PepsiCo (USA)

39) Brazilian Carlos Ghosn is chief executive.. A) Nissan Motor (Japan).

40) Howard Stringer, a native of the United Kingdom.. D)... Continue reading "Global Management and Organizational Structures" »

Agents of Socialization and Family Dynamics in Society

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Agents of Socialization

  • Family: Represents the first emotional tie and has the greatest impact on the socialization process. It may be problematic as it can reproduce negative models.
  • Schools: Introduce a new social world, emphasizing gender and race. They provide information for individuals to understand themselves and others, impart skills to function as citizens and workers, and expose them to inequality. Schools offer the first experience of economics and social status.
  • Peers: Allow individuals to learn how to form relationships without adult supervision. They may encourage both positive and negative interests and can influence changes in behavior and personality to gain acceptance.
  • Mass Media: Influences people's behavior through modeling
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Renaissance and Mercantile Capitalism: Key Developments and Influential Figures

Classified in Social sciences

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Increase in Agricultural Production

Amount of land, no technological advances

Intensified Commercial Activity

Surplus in products, travelled in search of new markets

Expansion of Craftsmanship

Workshops controlled by guild, domestic system, new products to Europe

Mercantile Capitalism

Economic growth of banking

  • Nobility-clergy
  • Bourgeoisie-peasants-laborers

Monarch had more resources so became powerful, they consolidate the authority control powerful of measures

Powerful Armies

Of mercenaries subdue nobles, prohibited armies alliance

Strengthened Bureaucracy

Officials control who supervise the kingdom's affairs

Centralized Power

Creating institutions to serve them

Establish a Court

For institutions function well

Humanism Philosophy

  • A renewed interest in classical
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