Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

In the 19th century, reaction movements began to emerge against the foundations of the classical school of economics. The Historical School developed in Germany between 1834 and 1883, extending its influence across Europe and the USA.

Branches of the Historical School

Within this school, two distinct currents are usually identified: the "Old Historical School" and the "Modern Historical School." Some of the common features shared by both currents include:

• The defense of the historical inductive method.
• The view of the State as a driver of development, proposing its intervention in favor of the weakest members of society.

Key Representatives of the Historical School

The Old Historical School

The principal representatives of the "Old Historical School"... Continue reading "19th Century Economic Thought: Historical School and Early Socialism" »

Understanding Modern Crime Trends

Crime is an everyday problem for citizens, causing widespread insecurity and distress. Many types of crimes exist, including kidnapping, murder, smuggling, forgery, arson, and carjacking.

Economic Factors and Rising Crime Rates

In my country, the current challenging economic situation, marked by unemployment, social exclusion, and poverty, has led to a significant increase in crimes like shoplifting, burglaries, and drug dealing.

Murder in Spain: The Domestic Violence Link

While murders are not common in Spain, a primary cause is often domestic violence.

Criminal Justice and Sentencing

Regarding the punishment of criminals, I believe offenders must serve their sentences fully and atone completely for their actions.... Continue reading "Crime: An Everyday Societal Challenge" »

Is It Necessary to Learn a Foreign Language?

Do you think it is necessary to learn a foreign language nowadays? To start with, I would like to say that learning foreign languages is very important as nowadays everybody moves around the world. In my opinion, I agree with learning languages as it opens your mind; in addition, you will also find new friends. I believe that this activity will open the doors to find better work and also to study abroad. It is said that it is necessary to learn a language because nowadays people are expected to master another language for work. All the same, you will be able to learn a language on the internet; therefore it is an easier method. To conclude, I think that it is necessary to learn a foreign language:... Continue reading "Benefits of Learning Languages, Urban Cycling, and Public Schools in Spain" »

Foundational Concepts in Political Theory and Global Affairs

Inspirations for 20th-Century Liberalism

Which authors served as an inspiration for 20th-century liberalism? The key figures include:

• John Locke
• Adam Smith
• Jeremy Bentham

Goals of the Our Global Neighborhood Report (1995)

The 1995 Our Global Neighborhood report outlines several critical areas where global citizens must cooperate:

• To maintain peace and order.
• To expand economic activity.
• To tackle pollution and halt or minimize climate change.
• To combat pandemic diseases.
• To curb the spread of weapons.
• To prevent desertification and preserve genetic and species diversity.
• To deter terrorism and ward off famine.
• To defeat economic recession.
• To share scarce resources.
• To arrest drug traffickers.

The

Work Motivation & Job Design

1. Key Factors in Global Interaction

• Self-awareness
• Demographic impact
• Economic factors
• Technological influence
• Peace and stability
• Ethical considerations

2. The Global Village and Modern Communication

Nowadays, it seems that we truly live in the global village envisioned by Marshall McLuhan. Communication technology links us to events from remote places and connects us to people we have never met face-to-face.

The importance of technology in our everyday communication is increasing at an incredible speed. We use technology to communicate daily, for example:

• Instant messaging and social media platforms
• Video conferencing for global collaboration
• Email for professional correspondence

The internet and other communication technologies have tremendous implications... Continue reading "The Impact of Communication Technology on Global Culture" »

The Origins of Basque Nationalist Thought

While the exact author of the text remains unconfirmed, it is widely believed that Sabino Arana, or someone very close to him, penned these articles. These texts are a series of articles (rather than a formal law) that discuss the primary nationalist ideas prevalent during the creation of the first batzoki in the old part of Bilbao. Published in 1894 during the Spanish Restoration, this primary source appeared in a newspaper, meaning the target readers were the general citizenry.

Political and Economic Context in 19th Century Spain

The political situation was as follows: the country was in the later period of the Restoration settlement. The era of peaceful party rotation had already passed, leading into... Continue reading "Basque Nationalism and the 1894 Restoration Crisis" »

Introduction

Recent studies have shown high rates of frequency of school violence. According to these studies, this is a worldwide matter that affects over 200 million students, both children and adolescents. The aim of this report is to expand on the types of abuses found in schools and to indicate that a healthy environment is needed.

Development

First of all, it is of main importance to understand that the problem of school violence has various causes, not just one. Types of violence can be physical, as shown by the many cases of students being hit or punched by their peers. Such practices can also be a result of racism and bullying.

Secondly, there is also institutional violence, for instance, when teachers tend to favor male students, consequently... Continue reading "Addressing School Violence: Types, Causes, and Solutions" »

Ezra Pound's Indifference to Traditional Criticism

Pound remains entirely indifferent to three specific areas of literary study:

• History of criticism: He rejects traditional historical frameworks.
• Biographical approaches: He criticizes what he terms "washlist criticism," which places excessive importance on biographical data.
• Ahistorical analysis: His method judges a poem according to intrinsic qualities rather than the period in which it was written. He does not believe the passage of time affects the quality or consideration of a literary work.

The Timeless Nature of Poetry

Pound argues that poetry is "always the same; the changes are superficial." While styles, feelings, topics, and vocabulary evolve, the core remains constant.

"What we need is... Continue reading "Ezra Pound: Universal Literary Theory and Criticism" »