Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Philosophy and ethics

Understanding Business Protocol and Etiquette

Types of Protocol

• Official Protocol: Pertains to formal events.
• Social Protocol: Refers to universally accepted social norms.
• Business Protocol: Specific to an organization's conduct.

Defining Key Concepts

Protocol is about doing the right thing, at the right time, for the right reason, and with respect. It governs both internal and external behavior.

Business Etiquette is the set of professional and social norms we follow that dictates our conduct, created to facilitate our coexistence.

Social norms are what we are supposed to do, while social use is what we actually do.

Leadership and Corporate Values

Executive Behavior

Executives set the standard for workplace conduct. A good leader should:

• Set the rules

U11: Count on

to be confident that you can depend on someone. Fall out: to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them. Finish with: to end a romantic relationship with someone. go off: to stop linking or being interested in someone or something. Hit it off: people hit it off, they like each other and become friendly immediately. let down: to disappoint someone by failing to do what you agreed to do or were expected to do. look down on: to think that you are better than someone. look up to: to admire and respect someone. stick together: people stick together, they support and help each other. take after: to be similar to an older member of you family in appearance or character. Compound adjectives: Badly behaved: behaving in a way that... Continue reading "English Phrasal Verbs and Compound Adjectives" »

What is an Insurance Policy

It's a contract of agreement between the insurer and the policy holder. It contains the terms and conditions.

The insurer agrees to cover the losses, if they occur, in return for premium payments.

Principles

• Principle of Insurable Interest: You can't insure anything that is not in your name. You can only insure something that, if something bad happens to it, you incur losses.
• Principle of Indemnity: The insurer will only return you the current value of the loss, they will pay you the current value of the object right before the incident, not the original price.
• Principle of Subrogation: Your insurance company pays the money and then they ask for the money from the company that has to pay.
• Principle of Contribution: When

1. common law: interpretation throught past decisions of higher courts wich interpert the same statues, applies customary law principles to similar facts, not all inclusive, ownership is by use
2. codelaw: legal system is commercial, civil and criminal, ownership by registration
3. islamic law: the interpretation of koran, complete sytem for propert rights, economics decision, type of economic freedom, prohibition for payment of interest,emphasis on ethical, moral,social
4. conciliation: formal or informal, private adn confidential, statements may not be disclosed, signature is recorded
5. arbitration: disinterested parties as referees, formally conducted, enfoceable under the law
6. litigation: fear o creating a poor image, unfair treatment in a freign court, difficulty

1. Brotherhood Identity Alteration

   The Brotherhood alters its members' identities by surgically changing their appearances beyond recognition.

2. Brotherhood's Resilience Explained

   O'Brien states the Brotherhood can never be wiped out because its individual members possess very little knowledge of its overall workings, size, or activities.

3. Winston's Toast with O'Brien and Julia

   Winston suggests he, Julia, and O’Brien drink the last of the wine to toast the past.

4. O'Brien's Promised Delivery to Winston

   O’Brien tells Winston he will arrange for a man with a briefcase to deliver a copy of the book written by Goldstein, which explains the Brotherhood’s principles.

5. Winston's Question About the Rhyme

   Before leaving, Winston asks O’Brien if he knows the rhyme

Core Principles Governing Insurance Contracts

Utmost Good Faith (Uberrimae Fidei)

The principle of Utmost Good Faith requires the insured party to disclose all material information to the insurance company (insurer).

• Material information is any data that would affect the insurer’s decision to provide coverage and/or determine the premium charged.
• When completing the proposal form (application form), all questions must be answered truthfully.
• If the insurer discovers that material information was withheld (e.g., during a claim), the contract becomes null and void, resulting in no compensation.

The Principle of Insurable Interest

Insurable Interest dictates that you can only insure something in which you have a legal relationship and a personal financial... Continue reading "5 Essential Principles of Insurance Law and Claims" »

How to Write a Thesis Statement

Features of the Analytical Genre

1. Never use personal pronouns (I, me, my, we, us, our, you, etc.).
2. No rhetorical questions.
3. Do not use figurative language yourself.
4. No contractions (don't = do not).
5. Events in the novel are written in present tense ("Falk goes to Gretchen's").

Structure of an Analytical Essay

Purpose of an Analytical Essay

1. The entire purpose of an analytical essay is to respond (answer) to an essay-question analyzing evidence to support/justify your response.
2. In order to respond (answer) the essay question, you must create your thesis statement.
3. Your thesis statement is your response to the question. It is the purpose of your essay. It will dictate what you write in your body paragraphs.

Thesis Statements

1. A

Essential Vocabulary for Everyday English Communication

Money and Shopping

• Bargains: Something cheap.
• Browsing: Looking around in a shop, comparing prices.
• Can't afford: Can't pay for it.
• Clubbed together: Saving money with someone.
• Designer label: Exclusive named brand.
• Economical with the truth: Not the whole truth.
• Fork out: Spend a lot of money on something.
• Help themselves: To take as much as they wanted.
• Overdrawn: With no money.
• Redundancies: Firing employees.
• Splash out: Spend an extravagant sum of money.
• Stingy: Unwilling to give or spend; not generous.
• Tax havens: Not paying taxes.

Media and Communication

• Billboard: A big publicity advertisement.
• Biased: Favorable to some ideas.
• Broadcast: Emit on mass media.
• Censorship: Not being able to express yourself.

1. Saussure's Langue and Barthes's Myth

Langue

Saussure's concept of langue refers to the underlying system of rules and conventions that govern a language. It's the internal structure, understood by a social group, that allows for communication. While rarely consciously considered in daily life, langue provides the framework for linguistic expression.

Myth

Barthes's concept of myth builds upon Saussure's work. He argues that signs don't inherently possess meaning; meaning is arbitrary and culturally constructed. Myths are created through connotations attached to objects, making these associations feel natural. Advertisements often leverage myths to enhance product appeal.

Example of Myth in Advertising

A recent car commercial depicts a rugged,... Continue reading "Semiotics, Masculinity, and Verisimilitude in Media" »

Humanism is the belief that humanity possesses inherent beauty, worth, and dignity. Therefore, life here on Earth should be cherished rather than simply endured.

Why Humanism Developed

As the power of the Church began to decline, humanism grew in popularity

Before we delve into humanism and the effect it had on the individual, we must first discuss the reasons behind its development. During the Middle Ages (approximately the 3rd through 13th centuries), life and culture were primarily focused on the Church and religion. However, toward the beginning of the 14th century, the power of the Church began to greatly decline. This decline is the main reason for the development of humanism, as people became less interested in thinking about God, the afterlife,... Continue reading "The Rise of Humanism: Impact on Individual Independence" »