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Social Planning Perspectives

3.1 Planning Perspectives

1. The need for social planning.
2. The inescapable auxiliary.
3. The complementary productive.
4. Social planning and investment planning as instruments for social control.

3.2 Planning Traditions

1. Planning and social reform.
2. Planning as social mobilization has its sources in anarchist, utopian, and Marxist thought.
3. Policy planning.
4. Social planning and analysis.
5. Planning as social learning. On the conservative side, concepts were adopted by theorists.
6. A second line of a revolutionary spirit in which Dewey's influence, a more indirect source, ends up in the tradition of social mobilization.

The state's commitment to correcting social imbalances, with equal opportunities and social justice, will imply the need for... Continue reading "Social Services Planning: Strategies and Implementation" »

Stages of Family Intervention and Support

Effective family intervention involves a structured process, guiding families through various phases to achieve autonomy and well-being. This document outlines the key stages, from initial awareness to sustained independence, highlighting critical considerations for professionals and families alike.

Assimilation and Awareness

This initial stage focuses on the family's acceptance of their situation and their active role in finding solutions. During this phase, the family is expected to:

• Articulate the problem clearly.
• Not delegate the search for solutions solely to the professional.
• Understand their situation comprehensively.
• Inquire about their responsibilities in the process.
• Discern the meaning of related

Gross Cost

Gross Cost is calculated as: Number of Insertions × Rate.

Sources of Information for Brand Communication

To plan effective brand communication, it's essential to understand the consumer, available communication channels, and the consumer's relationship with various media. Key sources provide information on:

• Audiences/Hearings: TNS, EGM, OJD, Nielsen NetRatings, Geomex
• Investments: Infoadex, Maple Media
• Visibility: IMOP, IOPE
• Attitudes: AIMC Marks

TNS (Kantar TNS)

TNS is responsible for measuring television audiences through the use of audiometric tests. A key challenge with audiometric tests is the difference between analog channels (one frequency = one channel) and digital channels (one frequency = many channels). The data collected by... Continue reading "Essential Media Measurement Sources for Advertising Planning" »

Understanding Key System Characteristics

Real-Time Systems

• Process data and return results quickly to influence the environment immediately.
• Interact with both users and the environment.
• Interrupt tasks to prioritize higher-priority operations.

Decision Support Systems

These are computer systems that provide information to managers for rational decision-making, but do not make decisions themselves.

Strategic Planning Systems

Knowledge-Based Systems (Expert Systems)

Associated with artificial intelligence, applying fuzzy logic. They contain extensive knowledge used to perform specific tasks.

System Representativeness

Information Systems

Must fully represent reality, integrated with all attributes: variables, data, states, transformations, and interactions.... Continue reading "Understanding Real-Time, Decision Support, and Information Systems" »

The Decision-Making Process Stages

Effective decision making follows a structured process:

1. Recognizing the Need to Decide

   The first step is to understand that this is a situation where a choice must be made, and that it is time to choose one alternative.

2. Searching for Information

   Identify all possible alternatives and gather relevant data.

3. Assessment of Alternatives

   Each alternative must be thoroughly examined based on several criteria:

   • The ability to reach attainment of the objectives.
   • The resources required (mobilizing resources).
   • The level of difficulty of implementation.
   • The degree of acceptance by other people who may be affected.
   • Any additional benefits it may entail.

4. Implementation and Review

   Once the decision is made, it must be implemented. If the

Organizational Classifications

Relationships Between Firms

• Independent companies.
• Joint ventures.

Economic Criteria

• Amount of capital.
• Number of staff employed.
• Volume of sales.

Organizational Structures

Formal Organization

It is the structure that arises from the delegation of authority from one level to another.

Informal Organization

Administrative Functions

Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities of members of the organization and the employment of all other organizational resources, in order to achieve the targets set for the organization.

Administrative Process Interaction

1. Planning

Planning is a process to establish goals and an appropriate course of action for their attainment.

2. Organization

Organizing... Continue reading "Organizational Principles and Administrative Processes" »

Administrative Process: A Comprehensive Understanding

Phases of the Administrative Process

Planning

Planning involves identifying objectives and determining the courses of action to be followed. It establishes strategies, policies, programs, and procedures to define what will be done and how.

Key Activities:

• Identify, clarify, and expand objectives
• Establish conditions for undertaking activities
• Select tasks to achieve objectives
• Establish policies, procedures, and methods for activity development

Organization

Organization entails distributing activities among members of the organization and establishing clear relationships between them.

Key Activities:

• Subdivide work into operating units
• Group operational obligations into operational positions
• Clarify requirements
• Select

Communication in the Company

Communication within a company can be categorized as vertical or horizontal.

Vertical Internal Communication

This occurs between employees and top managers. Upward communication aims to ensure managers are aware of the problems faced by workers.

Horizontal Communication

This type of communication arises between people who are at the same hierarchical level.

Motivation at Work

Motivation is a key factor in the workplace.

Money and Motivation

Money primarily serves to meet basic consumption needs (food, clothing, housing, etc.).

Future Expectations

When workers have the potential to improve and advance in their workplace, they are generally more motivated.

Recognition of Work

Recognizing the effort made by each person in their... Continue reading "Key Business Concepts: Communication, Motivation, Structure, Planning" »

Company Organization

The formal organization is the intentional setting that is made of the different tasks and responsibilities, fixing its structure so as to achieve the objectives set by the company.

The informal organization comprises a network of informal relationships that occur in the business field and have not been planned by management or established previously.

Synergy means cooperation. Synergy generates a greater overall effect than the sum of the effects that occur in each part separately.

The Division of Labor

Organizations can be hierarchically organized:

• Functional
• By product
• By markets
• Mixed

Organizations can be centralized with a hierarchical structure by levels, while non-hierarchical organizations are decentralized and have a flexible... Continue reading "Company Organization and Human Resources Management" »

The Essence of a Quality Audit

A quality audit is an in-depth critical analysis of the activities within a unit or system, conducted to determine their effectiveness and adherence to established standards.

Types of Quality Audits

First-Party Audits: Internal Review

Conducted internally, first-party audits involve the organization reviewing its own processes. These are typically performed by internal auditors.

Second-Party Audits: Client & Supplier Focus

Second-party audits are conducted by an organization on its clients or suppliers. This involves assessing companies to whom products are sold or from whom supplies are procured.

Third-Party Audits: Certification & External Bodies

Third-party audits are performed by independent certification... Continue reading "Essential Quality Audits: Types, Objectives, and Benefits" »