Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

Site Assessment

Site assessment is a process that aims to determine the effectiveness and efficiency with which resources have been utilized within an organization or project.

Leadership

Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others to work with enthusiasm in achieving common goals. It is defined as the ability to take initiative, manage, convene, promote, encourage, motivate, and evaluate a group or team.

Indicator

An indicator is a quantitative or qualitative variable that describes a specific aspect of an intervention, helping to assess what has been achieved against a reference point or target.

Leader

A leader is a person who directs a group toward the achievement of a common goal. They possess authority over a group and are capable... Continue reading "Essential Management & Planning Terminology" »

Quality Management Systems

Traceability

Traceability is the ability to trace the history, application, and location of what is under consideration. It serves to:

• Find where a product is.
• Identify the materials used in the manufacture of a product.
• Demonstrate the performance of planned inspections and tests.
• Find the causes of nonconformities.

Compulsory Procedures

Document Control

A documented procedure defining the controls needed to approve, revise, and update documentation when necessary. Documents must be legible and readily identifiable, ensure that changes are identified, and prevent the use of obsolete documents.

Control Records

A documented procedure defining the controls required to identify, store, protect, retrieve, retain, and dispose of... Continue reading "Quality Management Systems: Traceability, Audits, and Key Processes" »

Organizational Communication Networks

Formal Networks

Formal networks follow the path laid by the hierarchy of roles defined in the organizational plan, encompassing both ascending and descending communication.

Informal Networks

Informal networks emerge within an organization without prior planning and operate outside official channels, often skipping formal protocols.

They are flexible, fast, and can transmit accurate information. Their diffusion does not follow a strict chain, but rather each link tends to form a cluster. A negative attribute is that these networks are sometimes used to spread false rumors.

Communication Flow Directions

Descending Communication

Its primary goal is to convey instructions, orders, and objectives. It is used to motivate,... Continue reading "Communication Flows and Foundational Management Theories" »

Factors Affecting Production Quality

Process Control Issues

Errors can be caused by poor material quality or non-conformity of the materials used.

Production Variables

Key inputs include technology, human resources, processes, electricity, fuel, oil, etc.

Design Control Challenges

Problems were detected arising from the design itself, particularly when specifications were impossible to meet with available resources.

The Imperative of Continuous Improvement

In today's competitive market, achieving excellence is essential. This can only be attained through the continuous improvement of products and/or services.

Insights from Quality Management Pioneers

Great quality gurus include Crosby, Shewhart, Ishikawa, Taguchi, and others, but perhaps most notably,... Continue reading "Deming's 14 Points & Quality Management Fundamentals" »

Leadership Styles

By Social Climate

• Authoritarian
• Democratic
• Laissez-faire

By Decision-Making Process

• Autocratic
• Consultative
• Group-oriented

Characteristics of Work

Theory X

• Concrete
• In installments
• Planned
• Controlled

Theory Y

• Autonomous
• Responsible
• Intrinsically interesting

Maturity Levels & Management Styles

• M1: Not knowing, not wanting (Directors)
• M2: Wanting, not knowing (Persuasive)
• M3: Knowing, not wanting (Participatory)
• M4: Knowing and wanting (Delegator)

Method for Defining Leadership Style

1. Determine the maturity level of work.
2. Identify the appropriate leadership style.
3. Modify maturity levels (if necessary).
4. Apply appropriate power bases to the maturity level (from M4 to M1):
   • Expert
   • Informational
   • Relational
   • Legitimacy
   • Reward
   • Connection
   • Coercive

Work Teams

Permanent

Item 20: Current Trends in Company Management

20.1 Introduction

In business, there are tangible and intangible activities. An important part of the intangible activities is shaped by the knowledge that the organization and the people who own and integrate this knowledge. This is part of the company's strategy, since it is an integral element in the process of creating value for organizations, whether public or private.

20.2 Knowledge Management

The traditional productive resources (time, labor, and capital), along with information technologies, are transferred by an element that enhances the innovative activity of individuals and organizations: knowledge. Knowledge aims to drive and enhance. Drucker says that the basic productive resource in this... Continue reading "Knowledge Management in Modern Business" »

Security Strategy

The safety officer or consultant designs the security strategy. Based on the security policy set by the board of directors, organizational challenges, and perceived threats from both external and internal environments, they determine long-term goals and objectives, adopt courses of action, and allocate necessary resources. This strategy is a precursor to developing a comprehensive safety program. Ultimately, formulating a strategy is the conviction that operational safety is achievable—a justified belief that a feared event will not occur in the foreseeable future.

Bellacicco's Definition

Bellacicco defined a problem as the gap between the initial state (S0) and the desired end state (S1), characterized by different courses... Continue reading "Hotel Security Strategies: Protecting People, Property, and Operations" »

Organizational Self-Assessment Model: Objectives and Methodology

4.1. Objectives of the Self-Assessment

This model provides a benchmark for a global and systematic assessment of an organization. The evaluation enables comparisons with other organizations and helps ascertain the fulfillment of internal objectives before establishing improvement plans. The self-assessment process facilitates progress, corrects errors, and allows for the revision and enhancement of improvement plan effectiveness.

The maximum score achievable is 1000 points (500 for staff/enablers and 500 for results). The evaluation should follow a systematic approach to eliminate inaccuracies and foster consensus within the evaluation team. It must be evidence-based, identifying... Continue reading "Organizational Performance Self-Assessment Framework" »

Differential GPS (DGPS)

The DGPS (Differential GPS) is a system that provides GPS receivers with corrections to the data received from GPS satellites in order to provide greater precision in the calculated position. It was designed mainly due to the introduction of selective availability (SA). The rationale lies in the fact that the errors produced by the GPS system apply equally (or very similarly) to the receivers close together. The errors are strongly correlated in coming receivers.

A GPS receiver fixed on the ground (reference) that knows exactly where it is based on other techniques, gets the position given by GPS, and can calculate the errors caused by GPS compared with its known position. This receiver transmits the error correction... Continue reading "Differential GPS (DGPS): How it Works and Its Benefits" »

SIM vs. Market Research: Key Differences

Market research is a component of the Marketing Information System (SIM). It is responsible for collecting information about customers, which is then processed by the SIM to support more successful decision-making.

Benefits of a Marketing Information System (SIM)

• Making better business decisions.
• Increased company competitiveness, enabling reach into new markets.
• Boosting sales levels and the success of products.

Key Uses of a Marketing Information System (SIM)

• Guiding and repositioning goods and services.
• Updating information for marketing decision-making.
• Controlling marketing activities within the business.
• Enhancing company prestige and recognition.
• Increasing sales performance.

What is a Marketing Information