Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

Core and Distinctive Competencies

• Resources: An organization’s assets, and thus the basic building blocks of the organization. They can be tangible or intangible.
• Capabilities: Refer to a corporation’s ability to exploit its resources. They consist of business processes and routines that manage the interaction among resources to turn inputs into outputs.
• Core Competency: A collection of competencies that cross divisional boundaries, is widespread throughout the corporation, and is something the corporation does exceedingly well.
• Distinctive Competency: Core competencies that are superior to those of the competition.

Using Resources to Gain Competitive Advantage

1. Identify and classify resources in terms of strengths and weaknesses.
2. Combine the firm’s

Administrative Models

Total Quality Management (TQM)

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a managerial innovation that emphasizes an organization's total commitment to the customer and to continuous improvement of every process through the use of data-driven, problem-solving approaches based on the empowerment of employee groups and teams.

The core of TQM is the customer-supplier interface, both externally and internally, and at each interface lie a number of processes.

This core must be surrounded by a commitment to quality, communication of the quality message, and recognition of the need to change the culture of the organization to create total quality.

These are the foundations of TQM, and they are supported by the key management functions of people,... Continue reading "Administrative Models: TQM and Just In Time Strategies" »

Introduction

What is a Project?

A project is a single, complex, unique task that is limited in costs and time and has predefined goals and assigned resources. It starts from an idea that needs to be prepared and planned, then performed to achieve a goal within a fixed cost/time/quality arrangement. A project is a temporary enterprise, characterized by a high intensity of human and material resources, unique aims, unique participants, and unique tools.

Project Participants

Direct Participants:

• Client
• Designer (Architect, Structural Engineer, Civil Engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Electrical Engineer)
• Contractor (General Contractor, Subcontractors)

Indirect Participants:

• Authorities (Public Services)
• Financing Organizations
• Insurance Companies

External Participants:

Basics of Project Management

What is Project Management?

Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations.

Project Constraints

Scope/Cost/Time/Quality

Systems and Standards for Project Management

1. PMBOK Guide by PMI (Project Management Institute)
2. Books of the FIDIC (Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils = International Federation of Consulting Engineers)
3. ISO standards

Project Life-Cycle

(Phases, Sequence, Processes - Use diagrams!)

1. Project Management Processes
   • Initiating processes
   • Planning processes
   • Executing processes
   • Controlling processes
   • Closing processes
2. Product-Oriented Processes

Nine Knowledge Areas of Project Management (According

Fetal Accidents and Penalties

Most fetal accidents are due to inattentiveness. What is the correct way to safely make a right turn? Don't swerve outward or onto another lane. The blood alcohol content (BAC) of .10% or more results in a surcharge for three years. For individuals over 21, the BAC level is .08, while for those under 21, it is .01.

Traffic Signs

A basic license is good for 4 years. Traffic signs can be categorized into three types: Warning signs, Guidance signs, and Regulatory signs. Following distance under ideal road conditions at 50mph should be at least 5 car lengths.

Building Consent: Types of Permits and Procedures

Types of Permit Proceedings:

• Preliminary building permit (Location, Form, Function)
• Building permit (categorized by the governing authority)
• Simplified building permit
• Demolition permit
• Continuance permit
• Complex permit
• Report

Site Visit Requirements

The authority is obligated to visit the building site in cases involving new construction or the rebuilding of an existing structure.

Permit Request Contents:

• Address
• Type of request
• Subject of the request
• Number of buildings and functional units
• Previous permits associated with the building or site

Required Annexes:

• Verification of property usage rights
• Architectural documentation
• Statement from the architect
• Advisory opinion from the planning committee
• Verification

Q1) Interpret different adiabatic lapse rates at stable or unstable condition (from the Figure below)?

•The ease with which pollutants can disperse vertically into the atmosphere is largely determined by the rate of change of air temperature with altitude. For some temperature profiles, the air is stable, that is, air at a given altitude has physical forces acting on it that make it want to remain at that elevation Stable air discourages the dispersion and dilution of the pollutants. For other temperature profile, the air is unstable.

Q2)a) write the different control methods for gaseous pollutants . Describe briefly?

Absorption involves the transfer of a gaseous pollutant from the air into a contacting liquid, such as water

b) Write the source

Real-Time Bidding (RTB)

Definition

Buying and selling online ad impressions through real-time auctions, occurring as a webpage loads.

Return on Investment (ROI)

Definition

A performance measure evaluating investment efficiency.

Formula

ROI = (Current Value of Investment - Cost of Investment) / Cost of Investment

Quality Score

Definition

Google's rating of keyword and ad quality/relevance, impacting cost-per-click (CPC) and ad rank.

Negative Keywords

Definition

Keywords preventing ad display for specific searches.

Impressions

Definition

The number of times your content is displayed.

Call-to-Action (CTA)

Definition

A statement prompting an immediate response, guiding potential customers.

Conversion

Definition

A valuable website action beyond a simple visit, specific... Continue reading "Understanding Key PPC Metrics & Concepts" »

Chapter 18: Organizational Change and Stress Management

Forces for change:list a couple

Change:Making things different. 

planned change:Change activities that are intentional and goal oriented. 

Change agents:Persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing change activities. 

Overcoming resistance to change.

Tactics can help change agents deal with resistance to change:

Communication:Communication is more important than ever in times of change. One study of German companies revealed changes are most effective when a company communicates a rationale that balances the interests of various stakeholders 

ParticipationIt’s difficult to resist a change decision in which we’ve participated. Assuming participants have the expertise... Continue reading "Concurrence of companies" »

CSR: Classical vs. Socioeconomic Views

Arguments Against CSR (Classical)

• Reduced profits
• Higher costs
• Dilution of business purpose
• Too much social power

Arguments For CSR (Socioeconomic)

• Better public image
• Businesses have resources and ethical obligation
• Better environment
• Public wants it

Group and Team Dynamics

Group Types

• FORMAL: Command, task, functional
• INFORMAL: Interest, friendship, reference

Team Types

• Cross-functional
• Self-managed
• Virtual
• Problem-solving
• Quality circle

Stages of Team Development

1. Forming: Team gets acquainted and establishes ground rules.
2. Storming: Members begin to communicate their feelings.
3. Norming: Members feel a part of the team and begin to accept other views.
4. Performing: Team works in an open and trusting atmosphere where flexibility