Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other languages

English Vocabulary for Spanish Speakers

Accomplish = conseguir
Accurate = preciso
Achievement = logro
Advertisement banner = mensaje publicitario
Allow = permitir
Apply for = solicitar

Arrangement = plan
Assignment = trabajo
Attendance = asistencia
Average = promedio

Avoid = evitar
Bandwidths = ancho de banda
Based in = con sede en
Below = abajo
Both = ambos

Brackets = paréntesis
Bright = brillante
Brochure = folleto
Complain = quejarse
Development = desarrollo
Dot = punto
Earn = ganar
Easy to use = fácil de manejar

Enclose = adjuntar
Enquiry = pedir información

Erasable = borrable
Expense = gasto
Face = hacer frente
Faithfully = atentamente
Fan = ventilador
Features = cualidades
Fit = encajar
Full range = amplia gama

Get along well with = llevarse bien con
Get on someone'

Essential English Vocabulary

• Aims: tener como objetivo
• Affordable: asequible
• Annoyed: irritado
• Business: negocio, empresa
• Borrow: coger prestado
• Branch out: expandirse
• Brochure: folleto
• Complain: queja
• Correspondence: correspondencia
• Check: verificar
• Coffin: ataúd
• Disease / Sickness: enfermedad
• Delivery: envío
• Entrepreneur: emprendedor
• Fleet: flota
• Figures: cifras
• Fall down: caer, bajar
• Further: adicional
• Go up / Increase: subir, crecer
• Get on well: llevarse bien
• Handwriting: a mano
• Handout: folleto
• Immediately: inmediatamente
• Informal: casual
• Loan: crédito
• Moody: bipolar
• Naughty: travieso
• Order: orden, pedido
• Outdated: anticuado
• Prompt: pista
• Purchases: compras
• Pull-up: plegable
• Purpose: propósito
• Performance: rendimiento
• Reply: devolver
• Remain stable: no cambiar
• Sensible:

Presnovni Procesi

Alkoholno Vrenje

C₆H₁₂O₆ → piruvat → CO₂ + etanol + ATP

Mlečnokislinsko Vrenje

C₆H₁₂O₆ → piruvat → 2 mlečni kislini + 2 ATP

Celično Dihanje

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + ATP (energija)

Fotosinteza

6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂

Vrenje in Celično Dihanje

Skupne značilnosti: Oba proizvajata energijo (ATP), oba sta katabolna procesa (razgrajujeta).

Glikoliza in Krebsov Cikel

GLIKOLIZA: Sprošča se energija z razgradnjo glukoze do piruvata v citoplazmi.

KREBSOV CIKEL: Njegovi produkti so ogljikov dioksid, voda, ATP in NADPH+H⁺.

Dihalna Veriga

DIHALNA VERIGA: Vodikovi atomi potujejo... Continue reading "Presnovni Procesi: Vrenje, Dihanje in Fotosinteza" »

About to (+ verb)

A punto de (+ a verb)

According to (PREP)

Según lo que dice (referencing a source)

Actually (S)

Realmente, de hecho, por cierto

After all (BOTH)

Al fin y al cabo - (like “the bottom line”)

All in all (S)

En resumen / tomando todo en cuenta

All over (PREP)

Por todo (mundo, país), en todo

On the Contrary (S)

Todo lo contrario

Although (S)

Aunque

Anyway (S)

En todo caso, de todas maneras, de todas formas

As (BOTH)

Como, mientras, Dado que

As far as (S)

Hasta lo que ---- this expression is essentially just used with AS FAR AS I KNOW and AS FAR AS I’M CONCERNED

As for (PREP)

Referente a, en relación a, con respecto a

As a matter of fact (S)

De hecho, en realidad

As to (PREP)

Referente a, respecto a

As well (AT THE END)

También (use only at the end

TEMA2 VOCABULARY

• adopt an approach to
• analyse
• conduct
• demonstrate the possibility that
• field of study
• major breakthrough
• observe
• procedure
• process data
• provide evidence
• test a theory
• variety of sources
• guinea pig
• light years ahead
• quantum leap
• rocket science
• side effects
• trial and error
• come about
• come to light
• discomfort
• distinguish
• make out
• mutation
• personal hygiene
• pick up
• treatment
• widespread
• bring up
• go over
• hook up
• look at
• plug in
• rely on
• show off
• take after
• take away
• take in

TEMA 3 VOCABULARY

• influence
• make advances in
• make improvements to
• make the world of difference
• overcome difficulties
• remarkable achievement
• seek ways to improve
• transform
• turning point
• considerable change
• dramatic change
• far-reaching change
• refreshing change
• subtle change
• unexpected change
• city-dwelling
• complex
• doorstep
• expand
• go

Narrative Tenses

• Past Simple

  I did (yo hice)

  Used with specific past time markers: last summer, three years ago, in 1998, when I was twelve.

• Present Perfect Simple

  I have done (he hecho)

  Used with: for five years, since March, since 1998, how long?, yet, just, already, ever, never.

• Present Perfect Continuous

  I have been doing (he estado haciendo / llevo haciendo)

• Past Perfect Simple

  I had done (había hecho)

• Past Perfect Continuous

  I had been doing (había estado haciendo)

Gerunds

The Gerund (Verb + -ing) is used:

1. After Prepositions

   Examples: think of, interested in, tired of, talk about.

2. As a Subject

   Example: Working is necessary.

3. After Certain Verbs and Expressions

   Verbs: appreciate, like, imagine, postpone, resent, delay, enjoy, keep, practise, risk, discuss,

Mastering English Grammar Essentials

Understanding Punctuation Marks

• Colon (:): Used before explanations, lists, or direct speech.
• Comma (,):
  • To separate items in a list.
  • To set off parenthetical expressions or words/phrases placed in unusual positions. For example: "My father, however, did not agree."
  • To separate a subordinate clause from the main clause when the subordinate clause comes first.
• Dash (-): Can be used in a similar way to colons, semicolons, or brackets. It can also introduce something unexpected or surprising.
• Full Stop (.): Used to mark the end of a sentence or a complete idea.
• Quotation Marks ("): Used to enclose direct speech or titles of short works.
• Semicolon (;): Used instead of a full stop in cases where sentences are grammatically

Družina

Sociološki vidik družine

Družina je vsaj dvogeneracijska skupnost in družbena institucija.

Tipi sodobnih družin

• Jedrne družine: enostarševske, posvojiteljske, družine obeh staršev in otrok.
• Razširjene družine: večgeneracijske, sorodniške, poligamne.
• Reorganizirane družine: dopolnjene, komunske, istospolne.

Temeljne funkcije družine

Po mnenju sociologa Talcotta Parsonsa sta dve temeljni in univerzalni funkciji:

• Primarna socializacija otrok.
• Čustvena stabilizacija odraslih.

Eksogamija in endogamija

• Eksogamija: prepoved sklepanja zakonske zveze med nekaterimi sorodniki.
• Endogamija: prepoved sklepanja zakonske zveze zunaj določenega sloja, rase ali narodnosti.

Družinski življenjski potek

Statistika, raziskave in opazovanje vsakdanjega... Continue reading "Sociologija Družine, Šolstva in Religije: Temeljni Pojmi" »

Analítica trascendental

O coñecemento sensible sitúanos ante os obxectos proporcionándonos unha multiplicidade de impresións no espazo e no tempo. Pero esta percepción non implica que comprendamos o percibido. Comprender é o que fará o entendemento por medio de conceptos. Comprender un obxecto é referilo a un concepto; se non somos capaces de referir as nosas percepcións sensibles a un concepto, non podemos comprendelo. Isto fanse por medio dos xuízos: "Isto é unha mesa". O entendemento ten a facultade de emitir xuízos, ten a facultade de xulgar ou relacionar de distinta forma os conceptos. Por iso hai diferentes tipos de xuízos.

O noso coñecemento necesita, por tanto, das percepcións sensibles (que extrae da sensibilidade) e... Continue reading "Analítica Trascendental de Kant: Conceptos Puros e Categorías" »