Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Present Perfect Continuous

[has/have + been + present participle]

Uses

• To talk about the duration of an action: I have been staying with my aunt for two weeks.
• To focus on the action: I have been doing my homework all morning. (He estado haciendo mi tarea durante toda la mañana)

Common markers: FOR, SINCE, YET, JUST, ALREADY, NEVER

Present Perfect

[has/have + past participle]

Uses

• Present situation that started in the past: Liz has worked as a designer for several years. (Liz ha trabajado como diseñadora por varios años)
• Past action with present effect: I’ve lost my towel, so I can’t go to the beach. (He perdido mi toalla, así que no puedo ir a la playa)
• Past experiences (without specific time): I have been to a lot of different islands. (He estado

Phrases Related to Communication and Decisions

• Hang up: End a phone conversation.
• Hang on (a minute): Wait.
• Hang on tight: Hold onto something firmly.
• Hanging about: Standing around doing nothing productive.
• Hung back: Hesitate due to nervousness.
• Make up my mind: Decide.
• Make a habit of: Get used to doing something regularly.
• Make the most of our time: Gain as much advantage as possible from the time available.
• Make out: Manage to see or discern something.
• Make do with: Manage using something that is not entirely satisfactory.
• Manage to: Succeed in doing something.
• Suggest: Followed by a gerund (-ing) or 'should'.

Verbs Describing Movement and Observation

• Fling off/flang: Take away or remove something.
• Creep/crept: Move very slowly and secretly.
• Fumble: To

Alleged Martian Sighting During Dog Walk

A woman reported seeing Martians on a hill last Thursday around 10:00 PM while walking her dog. She claims she encountered a Martian who intended to harm her, but she managed to escape. The woman was later admitted to the hospital with a nervous breakdown.

"Are we in danger of a Martian invasion?" concerned neighbors inquired. However, in a press conference, the police reassured residents that the woman had tested positive for drugs and that there was no cause for alarm.

Lady Gaga Cancels Barcelona Concert Due to Food Poisoning

Lady Gaga was forced to cancel her concert in Barcelona last night due to severe stomach pains. The incident occurred during the Spanish leg of her tour.

After the concert began, she... Continue reading "Strange News: Martian Sightings, Celebrity Mishaps" »

Future Forms and Arrangements

Present Continuous for Future

Use the present continuous for actions already decided and arranged. Do not use it for actions that are not arranged. It is also used for actions happening just before they begin, especially with verbs of movement.

Present Simple for Schedules

Use the present simple for timetables and fixed programs.

Going To vs. Present Continuous

• I am going to do something: You have decided to do it, but it is not necessarily arranged.
• I am doing something: You have decided and arranged it.
• Predictions: Use going to when something is about to happen (e.g., "It is going to rain").
• Past Intentions: Use was going to for things you intended to do but did not, or for events that were expected but did not happen.

Human Anatomy and Physiology

• Belly button, Blood vessel, Brain cell, Calf, Cheek, Chin, Eyebrows, Eyelash, Fingernail, Forehead, Hairline, Heart, Lung, Muscle, Thigh, Heel, Jaw, Hip, Rib

Sleep and Rest

• Cheer up, Cope with, Get by, Go ahead, Pay off, Pick out, Soak up, Switch off, Work out, Doze off, Drop off to sleep, Fast asleep, Rest, Sleep deprivation, Sleep pattern, Sleepy, Snore, Take a nap, Unconscious, Wide awake

Social Etiquette and Behavior

• Bad manners, Blink, Blow your nose, Blunt, Bow, Handshake, Impolite, Lack of respect, Nod your head, Stare, Take offence, Whistle

Idioms and Expressions

• A pack of lies, A red flag, Lead someone up the garden path, Lie through your teeth, Look someone in the eye, Make a break for it, On the level, Practice

SHOKU KARDIOGJEN

Eshte insuficence cirkulatore akute dhe progressive  gjate te cilit debiti kardiak nuk eshte ne gjendje te furnizoje indet me O2 dhe lende ushqyese  dhe  te terheqe prej tyre produktet e fundme te metabolizmit

Eshte nje gjendje e dificitit te rende te perfuzionit indor.

Shkaqet jane te shumta si hipovolemia, peritonitet, anafilaxia, helmimet, semundjet endocrine ( sem. Addison ) si dhe shkaqet kardiake.

Klinika :  - hypotension ( presioni sistolik <90mmhg ) ="" -="" takikardi,="" takipne,="" zbehje,="" axhitim,="" alterim="" i="" shqisav  ="" -="" shenja="" te="" vazokonstrixionit="" periferik="" te="" thexuar="" :="" puls="" i="" dobet,        ="" gjymtyret="" e="" ftohte="" dhe="" te="">90mmhg> - temperature... Continue reading "Shoku Kardiogjen: Shkaqet, Klinika dhe Trajtimi" »

Miley's Distinctive Traits

Physical Characteristics

Miley is of normal height, neither very tall nor very short, though she sometimes uses heels to add a few centimeters. She has a thin physique and cares deeply about her body, embracing it confidently and having no reservations about showcasing it. Her skin is clear and delicate, yet she loves spending hours tanning.

Hair Style & Care

Her hair is long and wavy, a vibrant blonde that she occasionally dyes or straightens, though she prefers its natural curls. It's bright and lustrous, clearly well-cared for.

Striking Facial Features

A characteristic feature is her clear, unusually colored eyes, perfectly sized and often accentuated with makeup. Her nose is not very broad; while not unattractive,... Continue reading "Miley's Essence: Her Appearance and Personality Defined" »

The Murder of Tessa Quayle

In a remote area of Northern Kenya, activist Tessa Quayle is found brutally murdered. Tessa's companion, a doctor, appears to have fled the scene, and the initial evidence points to a crime of passion. Members of the British High Commission in Nairobi assume that Tessa's widower, their mild-mannered and unambitious colleague, Justin Quayle, will leave the matter to them. They could not be more wrong.

Haunted by remorse and jarred by rumors of his late wife's infidelities, Quayle surprises everyone by embarking on a personal odyssey that will take him across three continents. Using his privileged access to diplomatic secrets, he risks his own life, stopping at nothing to uncover and expose the truth—a conspiracy far... Continue reading "The Constant Gardener: Unmasking Pharmaceutical Corruption in Kenya" »