Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Medicine & Health

Essential English Idioms

• Too good to be true: So good that it's hard to believe.
• As good as gold: Extremely well-behaved.
• Put in a good word: To say something in support of someone else.
• Do more harm than good: To have more negative effects than positive ones.
• To be good for nothing: To be extremely lazy and useless.
• To be up to no good: Behaving very badly.

Key Vocabulary

• Fairness: Justicia
• Self-reliance: Autosuficiencia
• Compassion: Compasión
• Loyally: Lealmente
• Let me down: Decepcionar
• Bravery: Valentía
• Generosity: Generosidad
• Honesty: Honestidad

Common Phrasal Verbs

• Turn up: Aparecer, venir
• Put up: Ponerse
• Rip off: Arrancar
• Come across: Cruzar
• Pull over: Volcar
• Give back: Devolver
• Rely on: Depender de
• Gets on: Se pone
• Give up: Rendirse
• Carried out: Llevado a cabo
• Breaks

Ninja Assassin: A Cinematic Masterpiece

Film Critic: Ninja Assassin premiered in the US on November 25, 2009, and in Europe on December 26, 2009. I believe it is one of the best ninja films ever created. It avoids the typical origin story tropes, focusing instead on a man trained to be a killing machine. Everything goes well for the clan chief until they capture and kill the protagonist's love interest. The vengeful Raizo betrays the clan and prepares for the perfect revenge against his adoptive father. In Berlin, a Europol agent investigates the clans and assists Raizo in his mission to eliminate the clan chief.

The Loss of Melilla's Historical Architecture

The Death of a Piece of History: Tomorrow, Monday, December 28, one of the oldest buildings... Continue reading "Ninja Assassin Review, Melilla Heritage, and Modern Lifestyle Debates" »

Essential Phrasal Verbs for English Fluency

This comprehensive glossary lists common phrasal verbs and their definitions, structured alphabetically for easy reference.

A-D Phrasal Verbs

• bend over: Bow, become curved.
• carry on: Continue.
• carry off: Win, succeed in a difficult situation.
• carry out: Accomplish or execute; do something.
• come along: Go with.
• come on: Let’s go (used for motivation).
• come up: To manifest oneself, appear, or arise.
• come up with: Provide an idea or answer; find a solution.
• cry out: Exclaim; cry loudly.
• cut up: Cut into small pieces.
• die away: Lose strength, become weak (usually referring to noise).
• do up: Tie.

E-G Phrasal Verbs

• eat up: Eat quickly.
• fall down: Collapse.
• fall out with: Argue with someone.
• feel up to: Feel capable of doing

Modal Verbs: Obligation, Advice, and Probability

• Obligation or Necessity: must, have to (S+M+V / V+S+M+V?)
• Suggestions: Shall?, Let's, What about + gerund, Why don't we + V
• Polite Requests: could, would, may (M+S+V?)
• Probability:
  • 100%: Must
  • 100-50%: Will, probably, likely
  • 50%: May, might, could, can
  • 50-0%: Will not, probably, unlikely
  • 0%: Can't
• Permission: allow, may, might, can
• Offers: S+will+V, would you like...?, Shall I...?
• Capacity: can, be unable to
• Prohibition: can't, mustn't
• Advice: should, ought to
• Lack of Necessity: S+needn't+V

Gerunds (-ing)

Used in the following contexts:

• After verbs: avoid, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, involve, keep, mind, miss, prevent, regret, risk, stop, suggest
• As the subject of a sentence
• After prepositions

Understanding Environmental Contamination

Human lifestyles have evolved significantly throughout history. A direct consequence of this evolution is the substantial increase in the amount of waste we produce. We rely heavily on packaging and consume far more goods than in previous decades. While many are concerned about the negative environmental impacts, the question remains: what can we do to reduce pollution?

Simple Actions for a Greener Planet

We can implement simple daily habits to prevent or minimize contamination:

• Carpooling: Share journeys with workmates to reduce emissions.
• Repair over Replace: Mend clothing instead of purchasing new items.
• Energy Efficiency: Turn off lights when not in use.
• Water Conservation: Be mindful of water usage.

Advanced

Listening Comprehension

1. Jane is going to the dentist.
2. Jane can't stay with Katie because she is going to meet a friend.
3. Jane is going to read a book for Katie.
4. Bill asks Rita to call the doctor's office.
5. The doctor's telephone number is on the calendar.

Reading Comprehension

1. You shouldn't discover that your passport has expired just at the airport ticket counter.
2. The normal time to get your driver's license renewed is possibly in two months.
3. Kennels require a maximum of two weeks to make arrangements.
4. You should try to leave your home for several days.

Situational Dialogues

1. Situation 1

   Luke and Dave are checking lamps.

   Dave: Look at those lamps! They are beautiful.

   Luke: Which ones?

2. Situation 2

   Stephanie is going camping. She asks Tom for advice.

   Stephanie:

St. Valentine’s Day

1. During Lupercalia: (a) young men and women were paired.
2. Why did Emperor Claudius II cancel all marriages and engagements? (c) Because he needed men for his army.
3. Why was Valentine dragged to jail? (d) Because he disobeyed the emperor.
4. Valentine died in love. TRUE: “It is said that, before his execution, Valentine himself had fallen in love with the jailer’s daughter.”
5. St. Valentine’s Day is no longer a Roman Catholic festivity today. TRUE: “In 1969 it was dropped from the Roman Catholic calendar as a designated feast day.”
6. Nowadays there are more Valentine’s cards than Christmas cards sold in the US. FALSE: “Today, over 1 billion Valentine’s cards are sent in the US – second in number only to Christmas cards.

Main Types of Radioactivity

• Alpha (Αα): Particle, helium nucleus. Low penetrating power; causes some damage (can penetrate paper).
• Beta (Ββ): Particle, electrons. Medium penetrating power; causes great damage (can penetrate human tissue up to a few millimeters).
• Gamma (Γγ): High-energy light wave. High penetrating power; very dangerous, causes damage to cell nuclei.

Uses and Dangers of Radioactivity

Common Applications

• Smoke alarms: Americium-241
• Thickness control: Beta rays
• Sterilization: Gamma rays
• Radioactive dating: Carbon-14
• Radioactive tracers: Technetium-99
• Industrial testing: Checking welds with gamma sources
• Medical treatment: Radiotherapy for cancer

Health Hazards

The primary danger of radioactivity is cellular damage. Symptoms include:

• Hematopoietic:

Causative Have Practice Exercises

• They had arranged for their house to be cleaned by the end of the week. Now it is clean. What had they done? (They had had their house cleaned.)
• The grass has grown too much. What should they have done? (They should have had the grass cut.)
• His tooth was filled yesterday. What happened to him? (He had his tooth filled yesterday.)
• No one has informed them of the meeting. What should he have done for them? (He should have had them informed of the meeting.)

Examples of Daily Tasks and Changes

• We are having the furniture rearranged (furniture/rearrange). We got tired of having it in the same place for so long.
• That’s a good idea. We are going to have our furniture replaced (our furniture/replace) next week. I’m sick

Reading Comprehension

Sniffer Bees

Sniffer bees: C(a new use)-D(learn)-C(sends)-C(fit)-C(tiny)-B(they don’t)-A(are not)-A(diagnosis)

The Statues of Easter Island

The statues of Easter Island: C(is the most isolated)-B(are larger)-C(played)-C(land)-B(the inhabitants had eaten)-A(the Rapanui were fighting)-C(died of illness)-B(the Rapanui don’t)

Festival Entrepreneurs

Festival entrepreneurs: C(they are more diverse)-B(the tickets sell)-D(has plans)-A(you can make new)-A(you can travel without)-B(inconvenience)-B(companies like)-A(the economic)

Britain’s New Eco-Towns

Britain’s new eco-towns: D(no cars in)-C(land that was originally)-C(to use less water)-D(eco-towns are not green)-B(traffic)-C(tend to)-C(backing for)-A(harvested)

Film Sponsorship

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